Opinion
March 9, 1981
In a negligence action to recover damages for personal injuries, etc., defendant appeals from so much of a judgment of the Supreme Court, Kings County, dated January 29, 1980, as directed it to pay plaintiffs $1,675 for the fees of expert witnesses. Judgment reversed insofar as appealed from, on the law, without costs or disbursements, and the action is remitted to Trial Term for entry of an appropriate amended judgment consistent herewith. After a bifurcated trial in which the jury apportioned liability, finding defendant 67 1/2% at fault and plaintiff Flora Marcus 32 1/2% at fault, the jury rendered a verdict in favor of plaintiffs, after apportionment, in the principal amount of $50,625. After announcement of the verdict, but before the entry of judgment, plaintiffs' counsel moved orally for the imposition of additional costs totaling $1,675 for the fees of three expert witnesses who testified on plaintiffs' behalf. The court, in an order dated December 27, 1979, granted the motion and a provision for the additional costs was incorporated in the final judgment. Trial Term erred in allowing plaintiffs to tax, as necessary disbursements, the fees of expert witnesses over and above those provided for in CPLR 8001 (subd [a]). Any posttrial recovery of disbursements is dependent on statutory authorization (see White Plains Urban Renewal Agency v Tencer, 60 A.D.2d 648; Clowes v. Watt, 147 Misc. 722). CPLR 8301 (subd [a], par 1) authorizes a party who is awarded costs to tax "the legal fees of witnesses". Those legal fees are the ones prescribed by CPLR 8001 (subd [a]). CPLR 8301 (subd [a], par 1) applies to expert, as well as lay, witnesses (see Morris v Government Employees Ins. Co., 106 Misc.2d 448; Kiev v. Seligman Latz of Binghamton, 47 Misc.2d 364). The limitation on the award of fees of expert witnesses to the statutory amount has been the consistent policy of the courts of this State (see Mark v. City of Buffalo, 87 N.Y. 184, 189; Matter of Bender, 86 Hun 570, 572-573; People ex rel. Envoy Apts. v. Miller, 165 Misc. 943, 945, affd 255 App. Div. 972, mot for rearg den 256 App. Div. 807). Recognizing the unavailability of fees of expert witnesses above the statutory amount pursuant to CPLR 8301 (subd [a], par 1), plaintiffs contend they are entitled to such fees under CPLR 8301 (subd [a], par 12; subd [d]) and CPLR 8303 (subd [a], par 2). We reject each of these contentions. CPLR 8301 (subd [a], par 12) authorizes a party awarded costs to tax his necessary disbursements for "reasonable and necessary expenses as are taxable according to the course and practice of the court, by express provision of law or by order of the court." Neither statutory authority nor the course or practice of our courts permits an award of an expert witness fee in excess of the statutory amount specified in CPLR 8001 (subd [a]) (see Cooper v Dubow, 41 A.D.2d 843, 844, mot for lv to app den 33 N.Y.2d 517). We do not believe that this case was an appropriate one for the award of expert witness fees by "order of the court" (see id.; cf. Janusz v. Fallon, 61 Misc.2d 608). CPLR 8301 (subd [d]), which allows taxation of the reasonable and necessary amount actually spent for "a service performed, other than a search", has been held not to encompass the fee of an expert witness (see Kiev v. Seligman Latz of Binghamton, 47 Misc.2d 364, supra; cf. Hempstead Bank v. Ryan, 42 A.D.2d 779). Finally, we find inapplicable CPLR 8303 (subd [a], par 2), which allows the court in the exercise of its discretion, to award to any party, in "a difficult or extraordinary case, where a defense has been interposed, a sum not exceeding five per cent of the sum recovered or claimed, or of the value of the subject matter involved, and not exceeding the sum of three thousand dollars". Plaintiffs failed to show that the case at bar was in any way difficult or extraordinary, and CPLR 8303 (subd [a], par 2) does not apply in an ordinary negligence action (see McGrath v. Irving, 24 A.D.2d 236, 239, mot for lv to app den 17 N.Y.2d 419). Accordingly, we remit this action to Trial Term for amendment of the portion of the judgment appealed from, to allow, as fees for the expert witnesses, only those amounts authorized by CPLR 8001 (subd [a]), plus interest thereon. Gibbons, J.P., Rabin, Gulotta and Margett, JJ., concur.