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Malletier v. The Individuals

United States District Court, Southern District of Florida
Mar 28, 2022
No. 22-CV-60192-RAR (S.D. Fla. Mar. 28, 2022)

Opinion

22-CV-60192-RAR

03-28-2022

LOUIS VUITTON MALLETIER, Plaintiff, v. THE INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESS ENTITIES, AND UNINCORPORATED ASSOCIATIONS IDENTIFIED ON SCHEDULE “A”, Defendants.


ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR FINAL DEFAULT JUDGMENT

RODOLFO A. RUIZ II, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

THIS CAUSE comes before the Court upon Plaintiff's Motion for Entry of Final Default Judgment [ECF No. 36] (“Motion”). Plaintiff Louis Vuitton Malletier seeks entry of a default final judgment against Defendants, the Individuals, Business Entities, and Unincorporated Associations identified on Schedule “A” that operate Internet based e-commerce stores and an interactive photo album that infringe Plaintiff's trademarks and promote and sell counterfeit goods bearing and/or using Plaintiff's trademarks. See generally Mot. Plaintiff requests the Court: (1) enjoin Defendants from producing or selling goods that infringe on its trademarks; (2) remove the listings and associated images of goods bearing and/or using counterfeits and infringements of Plaintiff's trademarks at issue, and the goods of each Defendant bearing one or more of Plaintiff's trademarks held by the Internet marketplaces be surrendered to Plaintiff; and (3) award statutory damages. See generally id.

A Clerk's Default [ECF No. 33] was entered against Defendants on March 15, 2022, after Defendants failed to respond to the Amended Complaint [ECF No. 23], despite having been served. See Proof of Service [ECF No. 31]. The Court having considered the record and noting no opposition to the Motion, it is hereby

ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that Plaintiff's Motion [ECF No. 36] is GRANTED for the reasons stated herein. Pursuant to Rule 58 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a default final judgment will be entered by separate order.

BACKGROUND

The factual background is taken from Plaintiff's Amended Complaint, Motion, and supporting Declaration submitted by Plaintiff.

A. Factual Background

Plaintiff is the owner of the following trademarks, which are valid and registered on the Principal Register of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“Louis Vuitton Marks”):

Trademark

Registration Number

Registration Date

Class(es) / Relevant Goods

(Image Omitted)

0, 297, 594

September 20, 1932

IC 018: trunks, valises, traveling bags, satchels, hat boxes and shoe boxes used for luggage, hand bags, and pocketbooks.

LOUIS VUITTON

1, 045, 932

August 10, 1976

IC 018: luggage and ladies' handbags.

(Image Omitted)

1, 519, 828

January 10, 1989

IC 018: trunks, valises, traveling bags, satchels, hat boxes and shoe boxes used for luggage, hand bags, pocketbooks.

(Image Omitted)

1, 770, 131

May 11, 1993

IC 25: clothing for men and women, namely, shawls, sashes, scarves; headgear.

(Image Omitted)

1, 794, 905

September 28, 1993

IC 16: stationery, pads of stationery, calendars, indexes for articles made for travellers, notebooks, envelopes; writing paper, office requisites in the nature of writing pads, pencil holders, pen cases, pencil cases, nibs, nibs of gold, inkwells, inkstands.

Trademark

Registration Number

Registration Date

Class(es) / Relevant Goods

IC 25: clothing for men and women; namely belts, shawls, sashes, scarves; footwear headgear.

(Image Omitted)

1, 938, 808

November 28, 1995

IC 014: jewelry, watches and straps for wrist watches. IC 024: travel blankets made of textile.

LOUIS VUITTON

1, 990, 760

August 6, 1996

IC 014: watches and straps for wrist watches. IC 016: catalogues featuring luggage and travel accessories, bags, small leather goods, and garments; notebooks, anthologies, and pamphlets referring to travel; calendars; telephone indexes; fountain pens, ballpoint pens, nibs, covers for pocket and desk diaries, and checkbook holders. IC 018: trunks; traveling trunks; suitcases; traveling bags; luggage; garment bags for travel; hat boxes for travel; shoe bags for travel; umbrellas; animal carriers; rucksacks; haversacks; leather or textile shopping bags; beach bags; handbags; vanity cases sold empty; attache cases; tote bags, travel satchels; clutch bags; briefcases; wallets; pocket wallets; credit card cases; business card cases; bill and card holders; checkbook holders; key cases; change purses; briefcase-type portfolios. IC 024: travel blankets. IC 025: shirts; sweatshirts; polo shirts; T-shirts; headwear; jackets; ties; belts; shawls; scarves.

(Image Omitted)

2, 177, 828

August 4, 1998

IC 014: goods made of precious metals, namely, shoe ornaments, ornamental pins; jewelry, namely, rings, ear rings, cufflinks, bracelets, charms, necklaces; horological instruments, straps for watches, watches and wrist-watches, and cases for watches.

IC 018: goods made of leather or imitations of leather are not included in other classes, namely, boxes made from leather; trunks, valises, traveling bags, luggage for travel, garment bags for travel, vanity cases sold empty, rucksacks, hand bags, beach bags, shopping bags, shoulder bags, attache cases, briefcases, and fine leather goods, namely, pocket wallets, purses, leather key holders, business card cases, calling card cases, and credit card cases, umbrellas. IC 025: clothing and underwear, namely, shirts, waistcoats, raincoats, skirts, coats, pullovers, trousers, dresses, jackets, shawls, stoles, scarves, neckties, pocket squares, belts, shoes, boots, and sandals.

(Image Omitted)

2, 181, 753

August 18, 1998

IC 014: jewelry, namely, rings, ear rings, bracelets, charms, necklaces, horological instruments, straps for watches, watches, and wrist-watches, and cases for watches. IC 018: goods made of leather or imitations of leather are not included in other classes, namely, boxes made from leather; trunks, valises, traveling bags, luggage for travel, garment bags for travel, vanity cases sold empty, rucksacks, hand bags, beach bags, shopping bags, shoulder bags, attache cases, briefcases, and fine leather goods, namely, pocket wallets, purses, leather key holders, business card cases, calling card cases, credit card cases, and umbrellas.

IC 025: clothing and underwear, namely, shirts, waistcoats, raincoats, skirts, coats, pullovers, trousers, dresses, jackets, shawls, stoles, scarves, neckties, pocket squares, belts, shoes, boots, and sandals.

(Image Omitted)

2, 255, 321

June 22, 1999

IC 25: clothing, and other garments, namely, sweaters, raincoats, rainwear, coats, jackets, ties, clothing belts, footwear.

(Image Omitted)

2, 361, 695

June 27, 2000

IC 025: Clothing, namely, sweaters, shirts, sweatshirts, polo shirts, t-shirts, suits, waistcoats, raincoats, skirts, coats, pullovers, trousers, dresses, jackets, shawls, stoles, scarves, neckties, pocket squares, pocket handkerchief squares for wear, gloves, ties, belts, bathing suits, shoes, boots and sandals, and hats.

(Image Omitted) LOUIS VUITTON PARIS

2, 378, 388

August 22, 2000

IC 18: goods made of leather or imitations of leather not included in other classes, namely, boxes of leather principally used for travel purposes, trunks, valises, traveling bags, * traveling sets for containing cosmetics and jewelry, * handbags, beach bags, shopping bags, shoulder bags, brief cases, pouches, fine leather goods namely, pocket wallets, purses, key cases, business card cases, credit card cases.

(Image Omitted)

2, 399, 161

October 31, 2000

IC 25: clothing and underwear, namely, shirts, polo shirts, t-shirts, waistcoats, raincoats, skirts, coats, trousers, dresses, jackets, shawls, stoles, scarves, neckties, gloves, ties, belts, bathing suits, shoes, boots and sandals, hats.

(Image Omitted)

2, 421, 618

January 16, 2001

IC 18: goods made of leather or imitations of leather not included in other classes, namely, valises, traveling bags, * traveling sets for containing cosmetics, * shopping bags, shoulder bags, brief cases, pouches; fine leather goods, namely, pocket wallets, purses, key cases, business card cases, credit card cases.

(Image Omitted)

2, 773, 107

October 14, 2003

IC 014: jewelry including ((rings, )) ((earrings, )) cuff links, bracelets, ((charms, )) necklaces, ((and medallions;)) horological and chronometric instruments and apparatus, namely, watches. IC 018: travel bags, travel bags made of leather; luggage trunks and valises, garment bags for travel, vanity-cases sold empty; rucksacks, shoulder bags, handbags; attache-cases, briefcases, drawstring pouches, pocket wallets, purses, umbrellas, business card cases made of leather or of imitation leather, credit card cases made of leather or of imitation leather; key holders made of leather or of imitation leather. IC 025: clothing, namely, ((shirts, T-shirts, )) belts, scarves, neck ties, shawls, ((skirts, )) raincoats, overcoats, ((trousers, jeans, pullovers, frocks, )) high-heeled shoes, low-heeled shoes, boots, tennis shoes; ((hats)).

LOUIS VUITTON

2, 904, 197

November 23, 2004

IC 014: jewelry, namely, rings, earrings, cuff links, bracelets, charms, necklaces, ((tie pins, and medallions; keyrings made of precious metal;)) horological and chronometric instruments, namely, watches, wrist-watches, ((clocks, )), ((alarm clocks;)) straps for wrist-watches and watch cases.

(Image Omitted)

3, 107, 072

June 20, 2006

IC 09: spectacles, sunglasses and spectacle cases. IC 14: jewelry, namely, rings, earrings and ear clips, ((cuff links, )) bracelets, charms, necklaces, ((tie pins, )) medallions; horological and chronometric apparatus and instruments, namely, watches, ((watch cases, alarm clocks;)) jewelry boxes of precious metal, their alloys or coated therewith. IC 18: leather and imitation leather products, namely, traveling bags, traveling sets comprised of bags or luggage, trunks and suitcases, garment bags for travel purposes; vanity cases sold empty, rucksacks, shoulder bags, handbags, attaché cases, document wallets and briefcases made of leather, pouches made of leather, wallets, purses, key cases, business card cases, credit card cases; umbrellas. IC 25: clothing and undergarments, namely, shirts, tee-shirts, belts, scarves, neckties, shawls, skirts, raincoats, overcoats, trousers, denim trousers, dresses, jackets, sashes for wear, ((bathing suits, )) shoes, boots.

(Image Omitted)i

3, 576, 404

February 17, 2009

IC 18: boxes of leather or imitation leather for packaging and carrying goods, trunks, suitcases, traveling sets comprised of matching luggage, traveling bags, luggage, garment bags for travel, ((vanity cases not fitted, )) toiletry cases sold empty, rucksacks, satchels, handbags, beach bags, leather shopping bags, sling bags, suit carriers, shoulder bags, waist bags, purses, travel cases, briefcases, briefcase-type portfolios, leather pouches, wallets, change purses, key cases, business card cases, calling card cases.

(Image Omitted)

4, 192, 541

August 21, 2012

IC 03: soaps for personal use; perfumery; essential oils; cosmetics; creams for the hair, face, and body; lotions for the hair, face, and body; shower and bath gels; shower and bath preparations; shampoos; make-up preparations, namely, foundations, lipsticks, eye shadows, mascara, make-up powder, and nail polish. IC 09: sunglasses; spectacles; optical lenses; spectacle cases; telephones; mobile telephones; smart phones; PC tablets; personal digital assistants; MP3 players; accessories for telephones, mobile telephones, smart phones, PC tablets, personal digital assistants, and MP3 players, namely, hands-free kits for telephones, batteries, covers, housings, façades, chargers, hand straps, and neck straps. IC 14: jewelry; key rings of precious metal; tie pins; medallions; jewelry boxes; watches; watch bands; alarm clocks; cases for timepieces. IC 16: printed matter, namely, pamphlets, catalogs, and books in the field of travel, luggage, luxury goods, fashion, clothing, sports, the arts; publications, namely,

brochures and booklets in the field of travel, luggage, luxury goods, fashion, clothing, sports, the arts; stationery; stationery articles, namely, note pads, writing books, drawing books, calendars, agendas, notebooks, envelopes, letter paper, and index cards; covers for diaries, indexes, and pads; office requisites, namely, letter trays, paper cutters, pencils, inkstands, inkwells, paperweights, pencil holders, pen holders, writing pads, pens, balls, and nibs for pens; postcards; paper labels; newspapers; printed documents, namely, printed certificates. IC 18: boxes of leather or imitation leather for packaging and carrying goods; traveling bags; leather traveling sets of luggage; trunks; suitcases; garment bags for travel; vanity cases sold empty; toiletry bags sold empty; backpacks; handbags; attaché cases; leather document cases; wallets; purses; leather key cases; umbrellas. IC 24: textiles and textile goods, namely, bath linen, bed linen, table linen, towels, bed covers, textile table cloths. IC 25: clothing, namely, underwear, shirts, tee-shirts, pullovers, skirts, dresses, trousers, coats, jackets, belts for clothing, scarves, sashes for wear, gloves, neckties, socks, bathing suits; footwear; headwear. IC 34: cigar and cigarette cases of leather and imitation leather.

LOUIS VUITTON

4, 530, 921

May 13, 2014

IC 09: optical apparatus, namely, binoculars; blank USB sticks; spectacles; sunglasses; spectacle frames; spectacle glasses; spectacle

cases; accessories for telephones, mobile phones, smart phones, tablet devices, PDAs, and MP3 players, namely, covers, neck straps, neck cords, and bags and cases specially adapted for holding or carrying portable telephones and telephone equipment and accessories. IC 16: paper bags; boxes of cardboard or paper; cardboard and paperboard envelopes and pouches for packaging; plastic materials for packaging, namely, bags; posters; pamphlets referring to travel; postcards; catalogs featuring luggage, travel accessories, bags, small leather goods, and clothing; paper labels; trading cards; greeting cards; business cards; invitation cards; printed publications, namely, books, newspapers, leaflets, and magazines featuring luggage, travel accessories, purses, small leather goods, and clothing; bookbinding materials; printed photographs; photograph albums; stationery, namely, note pads, desk pads, writing pads, drawing pads, envelopes, note paper; calendars; pocket calendars; note books; telephone indexes; diary covers; diaries; office requisites, namely, letter trays, paper knives, ink stands, inkwells, paper weights, pencil holders, pen holders, pencil tubs, blotting pads, pencils, fountain pens, rubber erasers, pen cases; printing types; printing blocks; table linens of paper. IC 25: clothing, namely, pullovers, vests, shirts, tee-shirts, trousers, jackets, suits, coats, rain coats,

waterproof jackets, waterproof pants, overcoats, parkas, skirts, dresses, pajamas, dressing gowns, nightgowns, robe, gloves, neck ties, belts for clothing, leather belts, scarves, pocket squares, sashes for wear, shawls, stockings, socks, tights, braces for clothing, suspenders, stoles, underwear, lingerie, bathing suits; headwear; shoes; slippers; boots; half-boots. IC 26: buttons; hooks and eyes; shoe buckles; hair accessories, namely, hair pins, barrettes, hair bows, hair clips, hair bands, hair wraps; hair ornaments; brooches for clothing; clothing fasteners, namely, scarf holders.

(Image Omitted)

4, 614, 736

September 30, 2014

IC 09: optical apparatus, namely, binoculars; blank USB sticks; spectacles; sunglasses; spectacle frames; spectacle glasses; spectacle cases; accessories for telephones, mobile phones, smart phones, tablet devices, PDAs, and MP3 players, namely, covers, neck straps, neck cords, and bags and cases specially adapted for holding or carrying portable telephones and telephone equipment and accessories. IC 16: paper bags, boxes of cardboard or paper, cardboard and paperboard envelopes and pouches for packaging; plastic materials for packaging, namely, bags; posters; pamphlets referring to travel; postcards; catalogs featuring luggage, travel accessories, bags, small leather goods, and clothing; paper labels; trading cards; greeting cards; business cards; invitation cards; printed publications, namely, books, newspapers, leaflets, and

magazines featuring luggage, travel accessories, purses, small leather goods, and clothing; bookbinding materials; printed photographs; photograph albums; stationery, namely, note pads, desk pads, writing pads, drawing pads, envelopes, note paper; calendars; pocket calendars; note books; telephone indexes; diary covers; diaries; office requisites, namely, letter trays, paper knives, ink stands, inkwells, paper weights, pencil holders, pen holders, pencil tubs, blotting pads, pencils, fountain pens, rubber erasers, pen cases; printing types; printing blocks; table linens of paper. IC 26: buttons; hooks and eyes; shoe buckles; hair accessories, namely, hair pins, barrettes, hair bows, hair clips, hair bands, hair wraps; hair ornaments; brooches for clothing; clothing fasteners, namely, scarf holders.

See Decl. of Hadrien Huet (“Huet Decl.”) [ECF No. 6-1] ¶ 4. The Louis Vuitton Marks are used in connection with the manufacture and distribution of quality goods in the categories identified above. See id.

Plaintiff's representative reviewed and visually inspected the detailed web page captures and photographs reflecting various products bearing Plaintiff's trademarks offered for sale through the Internet based e-commerce stores and interactive photo album operating under Defendants' seller identification names identified on Schedule “A” (“Seller IDs”) and determined the products were non-genuine, unauthorized versions of Plaintiff's products. See Id. ¶¶ 12-13. Based on its investigation, Plaintiff alleges Defendants have advertised, promoted, offered for sale, or sold goods bearing what Plaintiff has determined to be counterfeits, infringements, reproductions, or colorable imitations of the Louis Vuitton Marks. See id.; Am. Compl. ¶¶ 7-14, 24. Defendants are not now, nor have they ever been, authorized or licensed to use, reproduce, or make counterfeits, reproductions, or colorable imitations of the Louis Vuitton Marks. See Huet Decl. ¶¶ 9, 12-13.

B. Procedural Background

On January 27, 2022, Plaintiff filed its Complaint and on February 16, 2022, filed its Amended Complaint against Defendants. On January 28, 2022, Plaintiff filed its Ex Parte Motion for Order Authorizing Alternate Service of Process [ECF No. 7] (“Motion for Alternate Service”). The Court entered an Order Granting the Motion for Alternate Service on January 28, 2022 [ECF No. 10]. In accordance with the January 28, 2022, Order, Plaintiff served each Defendant with a Summons and a copy of the Amended Complaint via electronic mail and website posting on February 18, 2022. See Decl. of T. Raquel Wiborg-Rodriguez (“Wiborg-Rodriguez Decl.”) [ECF No. 36-1] ¶ 6; Proof of Service [ECF No. 31].

Defendants failed to file an answer or other response, and the time allowed for Defendants to respond to the Amended Complaint has since expired. See Wiborg-Rodriguez Decl. ¶¶ 7-8. To Plaintiff's knowledge, Defendants are not infants or incompetent persons, and the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act does not apply. See Id. ¶ 9. On March 15, 2022, the Clerk entered default against Defendants [ECF No. 33] for failure to plead or otherwise defend pursuant to Rule 55(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Plaintiff now moves the Court for default final judgment against Defendants.

LEGAL STANDARD

A party may apply to the court for a default judgment when the defendant fails to timely respond to a pleading. Fed.R.Civ.P. 55(b)(2). “A defendant, by his default, admits the plaintiff's well-pleaded allegations of fact, is concluded on those facts by the judgment, and is barred from contesting on appeal the facts thus established.” Eagle Hosp. Physicians, LLC v. SRG Consulting, Inc., 561 F.3d 1298, 1307 (11th Cir. 2009) (internal quotations omitted) (quoting Nishimatsu Constr. Co. v. Houston Nat'l Bank, 515 F.2d 1200, 1205 (5th Cir. 1975)). However, conclusions of law are to be determined by the court. Mierzwicki v. CAB Asset Mgmt. LLC, No. 14-61998, 2014 WL 12488533, at *1 (S.D. Fla. Dec. 30, 2014). Therefore, a court may enter a default judgment only if there is a “sufficient basis to state a claim.” Id.

Once a plaintiff has established a sufficient basis for liability, the Court must conduct an inquiry to determine the appropriate damages. PetMed Express, Inc. v. MedPets.Com, Inc., 336 F.Supp.2d 1213, 1217 (S.D. Fla. 2004). Although an evidentiary hearing is generally required, the Court need not conduct such a hearing “when . . . additional evidence would be truly unnecessary to a fully informed determination of damages.” Safari Programs, Inc. v. CollectA Int'l Ltd., 686 Fed.Appx. 737, 746 (11th Cir. 2017). Therefore, where the record adequately supports the award of damages, an evidentiary hearing is not required. See SEC v. Smyth, 420 F.3d 1225, 1232 n.13 (11th Cir. 2005); PetMed Express, Inc., 336 F.Supp.2d at 1217, 1223 (finding an evidentiary hearing unnecessary because plaintiff was seeking statutory damages under the Lanham Act); Luxottica Group S.p.A. v. Casa Los Martinez Corp., No. 14-22859, 2014 WL 4948632, at *2 (S.D. Fla. Oct. 2, 2014) (same).

ANALYSIS

A. Claims

Plaintiff seeks a default judgment for the relief sought in the Amended Complaint, asserting the following claims against Defendants: (1) trademark counterfeiting and infringement under section 32 of the Lanham Act, in violation of 15 U.S.C. section 1114 (“Claim 1”); (2) false designation of origin under section 43(a) of the Lanham Act, in violation of 15 U.S.C. section 1125(a) (“Claim 2”); (3) unfair competition under Florida common law (“Claim 3”); and (4) trademark infringement under Florida common law (“Claim 4”). See Am. Compl. ¶¶ 38-63.

1. Counterfeiting and Infringement

Section 32 of the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. section 1114, provides liability for trademark infringement if, without the consent of the registrant, a defendant uses “in commerce any reproduction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable imitation of a registered mark . . . which . . . is likely to cause confusion, or to cause mistake, or to deceive.” 15 U.S.C. § 1114(1)(a). To prevail on its trademark infringement claim, a plaintiff must demonstrate “(1) that it had prior rights to the mark at issue and (2) that the defendant had adopted a mark or name that was the same, or confusingly similar to its mark, such that consumers were likely to confuse the two.” Planetary Motion, Inc. v. Techsplosion, Inc., 261 F.3d 1188, 1193 (11th Cir. 2001) (footnote and citations omitted).

2. False Designation of Origin

The test for liability for false designation of origin under 15 U.S.C. section 1125(a) is the same as for a trademark counterfeiting and infringement claim-i.e., whether the public is likely to be deceived or confused by the similarity of the marks at issue. See Two Pesos, Inc. v. Taco Cabana, Inc., 505 U.S. 763, 780 (1992) (Stevens, J., concurring in the judgment).

3. Common Law Unfair Competition

Whether a defendant's use of a plaintiff's trademarks created a likelihood of confusion between the plaintiff's and the defendant's products is also the determining factor in the analysis of unfair competition under the common law of Florida. See Rolex Watch U.S.A., Inc. v. Forrester, No. 83-8381, 1986 WL 15668, at *3-4 (S.D. Fla. Dec. 9, 1986) (“[I]t is clear that the Court need not find ‘actual confusion' . . . . The proper test is ‘likelihood of confusion . . . .”').

4. Common Law Trademark Infringement

The analysis of liability for Florida common law trademark infringement is the same as the analysis of liability for trademark infringement under section 32(a) of the Lanham Act. See PetMed Express, Inc., 336 F.Supp.2d at 1217-18.

B. Liability

The well-pleaded factual allegations of Plaintiff's Amended Complaint properly contain the elements for each of the above claims and are admitted by virtue of Defendants' defaults. See Am. Compl. ¶¶ 7-14, 24-33, 39-42, 46-50, 54-56, 59-62. Moreover, the Amended Complaint's factual allegations have been substantiated by sworn declarations and other evidence and establish Defendants' liability for each of the claims asserted. Accordingly, default judgment pursuant to Rule 55 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure is appropriately entered against Defendants.

C. Relief

Plaintiff requests an award of equitable relief and monetary damages against Defendants for trademark infringement in Claim 1. The Court analyzes Plaintiff's request for relief as to Claim 1 only, as the judgment for Claims 2, 3, and 4-false designation of origin, common law unfair competition, and common law trademark infringement-is limited to entry of the requested equitable relief for Claim 1. See generally Mot.

Injunctive Relief.

Pursuant to the Lanham Act, a district court is authorized to issue an injunction “according to the principles of equity and upon such terms as the court may deem reasonable, ” to prevent violations of trademark law. 15 U.S.C. § 1116(a). Indeed, “[i]njunctive relief is the remedy of choice for trademark and unfair competition cases, since there is no adequate remedy at law for the injury caused by a defendant's continuing infringement.” Burger King Corp. v. Agad, 911 F.Supp. 1499, 1509-10 (S.D. Fla. 1995) (alteration in original) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Century 21 Real Estate Corp. v. Sandlin, 846 F.2d 1175, 1180 (9th Cir. 1988)). Injunctive relief is available even in the default judgment setting, see, e.g., PetMed Express, Inc., 336 F.Supp.2d at 1222-23, because Defendants' failure to respond or otherwise appear makes it difficult for a plaintiff to prevent further infringement absent an injunction. See Jackson v. Sturkie, 255 F.Supp.2d 1096, 1103 (N.D. Cal. 2003) (“[D]efendant's lack of participation in this litigation has given the court no assurance that defendant's infringing activity will cease. Therefore, plaintiff is entitled to permanent injunctive relief.”).

Permanent injunctive relief is appropriate where a plaintiff demonstrates: (1) it has suffered irreparable injury; (2) there is no adequate remedy at law; (3) the balance of hardship favors an equitable remedy; and (4) an issuance of an injunction is in the public's interest. See eBay, Inc. v. MercExchange, LLC., 547 U.S. 388, 391-92 (2006). Plaintiff has carried its burden on each of the four factors.

Specifically, in trademark cases, “a sufficiently strong showing of likelihood of confusion [caused by trademark infringement] may by itself constitute a showing of . . . a substantial threat of irreparable harm.” E. Remy Martin & Co., S.A. v. Shaw-Ross Int'l Imports, Inc., 756 F.2d 1525, 1530 (11th Cir. 1985) (footnote omitted); see also Levi Strauss & Co. v. Sunrise Int'l Trading Inc., 51 F.3d 982, 986 (11th Cir. 1995) (“There is no doubt that the continued sale of thousands of pairs of counterfeit jeans would damage [the plaintiff's] business reputation and decrease its legitimate sales.”). Plaintiff's Amended Complaint and the submissions show that the goods produced and sold by Defendants are nearly identical to Plaintiff's genuine products, and consumers viewing Defendants' counterfeit goods post-sale would actually confuse them for Plaintiff's genuine products. See, e.g., Am. Compl. ¶ 25 (“The net effect of Defendants' actions is likely to cause confusion of consumers, at the time of initial interest, sale, and in the post-sale setting, who will believe all of Defendants' goods offered for sale in Defendants' e-commerce stores and photo album are genuine goods originating from, associated with, and/or approved by Louis Vuitton.”).

Plaintiff has no adequate remedy at law so long as Defendants continue to operate the Seller IDs because Plaintiff cannot control the quality of what appear to be its products in the marketplace. An award of monetary damages alone will not cure the injury to Plaintiff's reputation and goodwill if Defendants' infringing and counterfeiting continue. Moreover, Plaintiff faces hardship from loss of sales and its inability to control its reputation in the marketplace. By contrast, Defendants face no hardship if they are prohibited from the infringement of Plaintiff's trademarks. Finally, the public interest supports the issuance of a permanent injunction against Defendants to prevent consumers from being misled by Defendants' products, and potentially harmed by their inferior quality. See Chanel, Inc. v. besumart.com, 240 F.Supp.3d 1238, 1291 (S.D. Fla. 2016) (“[A]n injunction to enjoin infringing behavior serves the public interest in protecting consumers from such behavior.”) (citation omitted); World Wrestling Entm't, Inc. v. Thomas, No. 12-21018, 2012 WL 12874190, at *8 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 11, 2012) (considering the potential for harm based on exposure to potentially hazardous counterfeit merchandise in analyzing public's interest in an injunction).

Broad equity powers allow the Court to fashion injunctive relief necessary to stop Defendants' infringing activities. See, e.g., Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Bd. of Educ., 402 U.S. 1, 15 (1971) (“Once a right and a violation have been shown, the scope of a district court's equitable powers to remedy past wrongs is broad, for . . . [t]he essence of equity jurisdiction has been the power of the Chancellor to do equity and to mould [sic] each decree to the necessities of the particular case.” (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)); United States v. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., 321 U.S. 707, 724 (1944) (“Equity has power to eradicate the evils of a condemned scheme by prohibition of the use of admittedly valid parts of an invalid whole.” (citations omitted)).

Defendants have created an Internet-based counterfeiting scheme in which they are profiting from their deliberate misappropriation of Plaintiff's rights. Accordingly, the Court may fashion injunctive relief to eliminate the means by which Defendants are conducting their unlawful activities. Appropriate remedies to achieve this end include removing the Seller IDs' listings and images of goods; and requiring that the goods of each Defendant be surrendered to Plaintiff, such that these means may no longer be used as instrumentalities to further the sale of counterfeit goods.

Statutory Damages.

In a case involving the use of counterfeit marks in connection with the sale, offering for sale, or distribution of goods, 15 U.S.C. section 1117(c) provides that a plaintiff may elect an award of statutory damages at any time before final judgment is rendered in the sum of not less than $1,000.00 nor more than $200,000.00 per counterfeit mark per type of good. See 15 U.S.C. § 1117(c)(1). In addition, if the Court finds Defendants' counterfeiting actions were willful, it may impose damages above the maximum limit up to $2,000,000.00 per counterfeit mark per type of good. See 15 U.S.C. § 1117(c)(2).

The Court has wide discretion to determine the amount of statutory damages. See PetMed Express, Inc., 336 F.Supp.2d at 1219 (citations omitted). An award of statutory damages is appropriate despite a plaintiff's inability to prove actual damages caused by a defendant's infringement. See Ford Motor Co., 441 F.Supp.2d at 852 (citations omitted) (“[A] successful plaintiff in a trademark infringement case is entitled to recover enhanced statutory damages even where its actual damages are nominal or non-existent.”); Playboy Enters., Inc. v. Universal Tel-A-Talk, Inc., No. 96-6961, 1998 WL 767440, at *8 (E.D. Pa. Nov. 3, 1998) (awarding statutory damages where plaintiff failed to prove actual damages or profits). The option of a statutory damages remedy in trademark counterfeiting cases is sensible given evidence of a defendant's profits in such cases is frequently almost impossible to ascertain. See, e.g., S. Rep. No. 104-177, pt. V § 7, at 10 (1995) (discussing purposes of Lanham Act statutory damages); PetMed Express, Inc., 336 F.Supp.2d at 1220 (statutory damages are “[e]specially appropriate in default judgment cases due to infringer nondisclosure”) (citations omitted). This case is no exception.

Here, the allegations of the Amended Complaint and the evidence establish the Defendants intentionally copied one or more of the Louis Vuitton Marks for the purpose of deriving the benefit of Plaintiff's world-famous reputation. Defendants have defaulted on Plaintiff's allegations of willfulness. See Am. Compl. ¶ 31; Arista Records, Inc. v. Beker Enters., Inc., 298 F.Supp.2d 1310, 1313 (S.D. Fla. 2003) (finding a court may infer willfulness from the defendants' default); PetMed Express, Inc., 336 F.Supp.2d at 1217 (stating that upon default, well-pleaded allegations are taken as true). As such, the Lanham Act permits the Court to award up to $2,000,000.00 per infringing mark on each type of good as statutory damages to ensure Defendants do not continue their intentional and willful counterfeiting activities.

The only available evidence demonstrates that each Defendant promoted, distributed, advertised, offered for sale, and/or sold at least one (1) type of good bearing at least one (1) mark which is a counterfeit of one of the Louis Vuitton Marks protected by federal trademark registrations. See Am. Compl. ¶¶ 15, 24-33, 39-42; Huet Decl. ¶¶ 9-13. Based on the above considerations, Plaintiff has asked the Court to award statutory damages in the amount of $1,000,000.00 per mark, per type of good. See Mot. [ECF No. 36] at 17. As each Defendant used at least one counterfeit mark on one type of good, Plaintiff requests a statutory damage award in the amount of $1,000,000.00 against each Defendant. See Id. The award should be sufficient to deter Defendants and others from continuing to counterfeit or otherwise infringe Plaintiff's trademarks, compensate Plaintiff, and punish Defendants, all stated goals of 15 U.S.C. section 1117(c). The Court finds that this award of statutory damages falls within the permissible range under 15 U.S.C. section 1117(c) and is just. See Fendi S.R.L. v. Joe Bag, No. 19-61356, 2019 WL 4693677 (S.D. Fla. Aug. 28, 2019) [ECF No. 43] (awarding plaintiff $1,000,000.00 against each defendant); adidas AG v. Global Online Shopping, No. 19-61180 (S.D. Fla. 2019) [ECF No. 36] (awarding plaintiff $1,000,000.00 against each defendant); Louis Vuitton Malletier v. lv2014.skrar, No. 19-61015 (S.D. Fla. 2019) [ECF No. 40] (awarding plaintiff $1,000,000.00 against each defendant); Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co. v. Artemis Gesdy, No. 19-60287 (S.D. Fla. 2019) [ECF No. 36] (awarding plaintiff $1,000,000.00 against each defendant); Fendi S.R.L. v. socjmkfn, No. 19-61356 (S.D. Fla. 2019) [ECF No. 44] (awarding plaintiff $1,000,000.00 against each defendant); Goyard St Honore v. Agote, No. 17-62276, 2018 WL 2006870 (S.D. Fla. Apr. 19, 2018) [ECF No. 49] (awarding plaintiff $1,000,000.00 against each defendant); Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. v. 17 No.1-Own, No. 17-61201, 2017 WL 3016929 (S.D. Fla. July 14, 2017) [ECF No. 44] (awarding plaintiff $1,000,000.00 against each defendant).

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiff is entitled to the entry of final default judgment. Accordingly, it is hereby

ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that Plaintiffs Motion [ECF No. 36] is GRANTED. Default final judgment and a permanent injunction will be entered by separate order.

DONE AND ORDERED in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, this 28th day of March, 2022.

SCHEDULE “A”

DEFENDANTS BY NUMBER, SELLER ID AND FINANCIAL ACCOUNT INFORMATION

Def.No.

Defendant / Seller ID

Financial Account Information / Merchant Number

Infringing Product Number / Contact E-mail Address

1

GuangZhouLianJianShi YeYouXianGongSi

A1H5AG9KXTCY1L

B093DPMJLS

2

Gunbag

ANHBUOHWENL63

B09183R5CQ

3

muniuliumashangmao1

A1RI4JP5Q9FL8I

B08T7C2R2T

4

Nxsera

AKIZ5H7V8G2YB

B091PYT7XH

5

QDZYEYXGS

A141NXGQT6MNUB

B0998BDTRM

6

a138688

596364107

21472895

7

a2019

628687912

21027388

8

a65343777

622680208

20411671

9

ab2019

626972133

20762509

10

abbb2019

630578607

21024680

11

aimeigucci

630377340

21335987

12

ameisy

592684437

20782415

13

auanss a/k/a HIQH QUALITY FASHION BELT S

518185622

20261212

14

az2026

628678649

21199647

15

azyf167

692794768

21423841

16

bagsforsale

664703097

21000848

17

bagtrade98

400427519

20651118

18

baodanwang8888

708518264

21655999

19

belts8886

644128915

21570377

20

brandbag660

604721894

21416276

21

brandbags1990

535995668

20960156

22

chain_bags a/k/a 2021 Saddle Shoulder Bag&Handbag Purse Totes Wallet

660423303

21637827

23

chao1989123

479505898

21293651

24

cheaperbag

639968210

21636714

25

cmm9642 a/k/a cczcz11

528319221

21462126

26

comeinu9

408640222

13667133

27

coocooo88

693397325

20825923

28

coregoal2008

493059956

13645045

29

darcyjewelry

607827392

20740760

30

designer cloth

575215743

21394181

31

designer handbag7

619255461

21201612

32

designer157

464442732

21209077

33

designerbag888

691030822

21537018

34

designerbagssale a/k/a Sen1996

627638151

21572673

35

dhbeststore88 a/k/a Lux123

499725888

21210557

36

dhmike

539135865

21107736

37

dingdanduoduo888 a/k/a LZ Brand Bags

643271614

21134074

38

diy06

629156134

20968322

39

dmbag01

409691477

20953880

40

dongtrade

667672392

21625514

41

dsq25

620705048

21577572

42

extravagantbag a/k/a Top luxury Brand Bag W

665069457

21646912

43

fashion16825

681901422

21665786

44

fashion8686

488203006

21199996

45

fashionluxury2020

565498587

21532937

46

fashionwind1

587249506

21523487

47

feichen2

559804097

21547530

48

feng520yao

588661791

21292461

49

foncleer

618015916

21154559

50

global bags

596690687

21539323

51

globalbelts

590238390

21539587

52

gogo _j ewelry

556240674

20740710

53

good shop111

517594488

21099538

54

goodhandbags bags

414632681

20809469

55

gubag61

706255307

21689754

56

gucci sup

692465700

21124101

57

gv2021

703711249

21667525

58

gysbags

635932044

21580590

59

handbag20190102

455712336

21254904

60

handbag99

628682244

20788668

61

handbagshow

639639621

21299452

62

hb_j ewelry

626745028

20702866

63

hk2019009

628986511

21181421

64

hotbitch

679143724

21545885

65

hotsalebags09

691298565

21654344

66

hualonglin

434632543

20289423

67

huzhong

497475035

20331007

68

internationalbag 11

686531314

21662655

69

jbrs520

570773356

21103068

70

jerseyland020

454190387

21114155

71

jinchai

704459265

21416936

72

join2

447901884

20249772

73

jordanprotomax

605759537

21289155

74

juan5518016 a/k/a haina378

410715155

20430182

75

juan551806 a/k/a fashion bag 01

595829508

20799586

76

julie_bag a/k/a Fashionhandbag886

628967550

21627565

77

junyatou66

416871154

21077863

78

jy998

567020842

21357522

79

kaikaixinxinmyt

528853833

21228867

80

lacosk

641869356

21154535

81

ladybag888

585182605

21547934

82

lisa68688

631657517

21614248

83

liuqi6677

634661024

21435733

84

lixiaojuan2016

487560341

21014822

85

lucky1366

628845564

20486605

86

lucyjewelry

480557222

20740460

87

Luxury Designers bags Store

518864158

20779178

88

Luxury Sunglasses

631730582

21211052

89

luxury bags01

674579563

21609122

90

luxury8828

515548234

21433224

91

luxurybag 17

621559109

21593717

92

luxurybag116 a/k/a vuitton louis bag

633411083

21418987

93

lwz2741787

529910780

20452246

94

m13333683348 a/k/a LV2020GG2020

426083032

20980993

95

m15138413221

485250856

21223648

96

maike2017

504806908

20763138

97

maizhongbag a/k/a Designer Handbags Maizon

502724522

20050014

98

marymao6868

474763590

21127094

99

mengqianxun520

477260311

21104030

100

millyzeng

413066368

20288613

101

mimi2006

516421690

21148934

102

monogram

628771025

21198470

103

moonholder03

627113312

20812911

104

moonowner01

627131695

20765085

105

mtmingtian123

654907007

21581741

106

ny98

600640481

21269574

107

oketo

710587598

21354112

108

origin seller

580641687

21568884

109

sernest

475924213

20466406

110

sarahandbags

525244457

20747100

111

sfdjhj

527324073

14497625

112

shoesnumen

620087961

21194739

113

shop668899

665260671

21642222

114

sppxcce a/k/a Warm Home

618708876

21210548

115

ssw007

503918119

14162905

116

tongluowan

550163370

20690367

117

tongshiyumaoyi a/k/a Fall in love with bags

570746466

21494339

118

topsneaker88

695028918

21624617

119

trend_pack

710730692

21689764

120

vogobags

607588673

20747089

121

vogocm zb7

480893925

20740669

122

vuitton2018

626005180

21026146

123

vvuitton 03

709579594

21483167

124

wangzhaorui a/k/a ACE seller

558219406

19841783

125

wanzi188

639792361

21421249

126

wd2011

423987259

14219372

127

wlls10

446969764

20613253

128

wozhuanqian168 a/k/a More Designer

558959817

21555583

129

wyp0420 a/k/a Purse and handbag

547973081

21147825

130

yang1866

454578220

21050789

131

yanrucoltd

659496784

21178231

132

yj1009

646469926

20831642

133

zengweigdcp a/k/a iboutique

428903291

13717197

134

zh168996899

653831743

21639813

135

zhao708091 a/k/a fashion bag

608910422

21039742

136

good2021 Fashion accessories a/k/a The beautiful girl Store

601607640

21600038

137

haina378 a/k/a juan5518016

476785175

20430182

138

Handbag 2021 a/k/a wlls10

446969764

20613253

139

nn5185918 a/k/a Delicate handbags

592684459

20510136

140

Originalhandbag a/k/a Alberthandbagfactory

610045550

20709235

141

taiyangyu20200411 a/k/a kelekafeibengqiaqia a/k/a heqishengcai666

639217423

21499654

142

zxyu

638186167

20720869

143

xiaoai707

708285058

21687226

144

xiaohu2

680532908

21154536

145

yuanhao668

702140852

21478274

146

ywwj8633

707996592

21687178

147

Best Factory

111820591

148

bestfactory a/k/a TOP-Gift

111819203

149

gracelinks

111872196

150

Hot333

112570602

151

hotbags a/k/a HOT BAGS

111590381

152

inseva

110863997

152

irenefashion a/k/a Irene Fashion

110227493

153

joneed

111872207

154

keniii a/k/a keniiike

112630086

155

koshope

112252961

156

KristalAns

112184114

157

loveshopmine

110575333

158

luxuryfashionlure

111741276

159

Markdown

111872276

160

mineloveshop

110564316

161

optimalproduct a/k/a productoptimal

111581495

162

searchsimpleluxury a/k/a Search Simple Luxury

111666739

163

6th Street Market

5fcfbb660178d216d840cca9

604f03f4b8adbb4f90522a55

164

AAbdallah

600146b560874b23ce988d2e

6031bd3717c115d4efd1b53b

165

Aceshine

5fff931a28497b0565ec1454

607532889805da007e2325fa

166

adnaDMFHAJDKHFKA

6075450f1ef32e15875684af

60dc06557ac8ba581097b0aa

167

Alaneyiny shoes

5f7024a20d783c2681435eb3

605f11f6033d3fadd2c50b18

168

Always BIG Balloons

5ffe791841c4fd4005a49945

60520b2167e3e5f057eab400

169

Amanda Ozard Hair

60171ce699bcf8605cc54ae8

60cc2f3d3e7554f46cd5b9ea

170

Amos Masonic Lodge

600c88c2bdd8d7329cb3d121

600c88c2bdd8d7329cb3d121

171

AndromedaL

5fd90ebb686bfae2c89be9c3

60ac73faacf8255f1d4ad9e9

172

Antojitos Lara

61539867d23cc4951f56fbe6

617dec8c21fb5df614f44e5a

173

AntonioPascua

5e7b232fc8cb152fadf4ebfa

60ac74a6b049cb6a559bbb9d

174

ashjkdjhjdbhjka

607146e6fb49a16e02e32157

60b87359657a94944b5cd167

175

ASporting

614d086d600a311552251e6b

6183ef93b547ade4fc5d7aad

176

Astros Shoes Market

615da370739530c92719a679

61828df8ebd202fa98ab9bab

177

avalimarti

5fde092417ba95ce801f4408

602a014fa41e40004f4172a0

178

aventrepqwjh

5fdcdecb478bbab14a39107a

6041d4bd542f13b022e6bb16

179

B&T Construction Services

5ffe713580aa193bc24fdbb1

6051785ac24fc2759f295aab

180

Barbarafw

5e79974d8d376f4c7697ec3c

5ff969863191de749fccf6d1

181

beauty blog 2021

604b6f3bf9ed2c4980457c0b

617e1daf3afe66bb2f39154d

182

BeautyD'Jewels

5ff510546f5aac0255ad3736

60516cdd4b8f5b4a2d0f3247

183

beixiangsheng2134

61653e76d2e635f85050c6dc

6181ed3f82a948cf4312b4e4

184

BestGirlbaby

6035ca79c54758292bf16f8b

6054e3bb74e0d52f1d078d66

185

Betancourtcovalent

609679fd8c2bee9858ebd98b

60bdf708be804d6a1c8cfb13

186

Betanzos Store

5fd90b7f61f56cdc801277ee

603dd795f742a0a0c68a7d3c

187

Black Shirts For

615f6da75edc7fcbec91d834

616f8c8788c512e0c4891484

188

Blame the Comic

601f960948097167acc6d616

60597d34bf704f1d71f6ce95

189

Bobis

61648e65491a3ed5f55b61bb

61819525ff02d87bd315e9ef

190

BocVg

5ff30e209bf6c800e071d65c

60272c4ef26f1d00409762b7

191

Bomyatho

615f31d4b10e8dc742df4696

6185d3f6eb7617a77e20bd5e

192

Bresler's Ice Cream

5fda7af4686bfa631b9be8f9

6028b09ab82ffaea83745a2a

193

Briscobowi

5fff198880aa1901d94fdad9

6061635baaba5c13f82424f3

194

Bspq

60031d72f45fd390aec1135c

6031bd33f10fa4cce9b397fa

195

caiyohj5Sha

607e00a145810298527adb9d

60bf1299a385d5a0ce202a76

196

calif

5fdc09354097700676885482

60275e877b8a8477b15bab6c

197

CalistaPet

5ff3e45408a624045a1199c6

603dc0f2029c5c6cf541f144

198

Carlacra

609dc99c5a81a21883f9002f

60c036e53ea693b6690ec4ec

199

Cedreferto

60ef9448ebca4c93ef2a6f91

61588599b657dee4f5d1e8b4

200

Cheap Shot Deal

600e6e8a6bd67016eca9a614

603bb5699cff9d0040002116

201

chenmingqian6374

615bf04ba6c0e78225462abb

617619c3cd4c2db0e27c6cd7

202

chenqiao2496

607673ce521dbe40a6f0169d

60beff1908d9aac63c3014de

203

chenyongkang5039

6017b3555032bf2324ddeddb

60225938f89b794716eba458

204

cloperty

5fff61a7b833a13e50e84a60

605d59bfe591c4c7261f57a1

205

colors king

5fdbd3bdf88f1c0aaaa9fe1d

6030b288b1d495b399f7c570

206

comercialHHHv2

608f1d05850ace6b8518e143

60d57a89709c2bc4d9e4ec80

207

Cool Crest Miniature Golf

600111a8338d3228c2e985b8

60537264e106889229a18889

208

Cosas para Locos

60943972c54477521c273e42

60c081997f5f1766c4260732

209

Creativeyou

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60c4c07894afd4a65cc5270a

210

cuidijianqin

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211

curtimixoriete

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212

CYBERSANZ

5fd1c69dd131c3128d158cb8

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213

David D Kettler

5e9fda56e2fac32f15704173

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214

DeJeans Shop Store

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215

Delicia C Martin

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216

Deontr

5f878dfa2ece037da63d4d0c

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217

disson

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218

djfiugkjerk

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219

DONGYASTAR

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220

Dora M Long

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221

Doramantic

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222

DRECTOF

6045254dbbf23a9740764d2e

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223

Earl Wolf

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224

edeaUco

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el palacio nel

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electrinmñ

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227

ElizaAK

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228

EllaBoggan

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229

Ericgu

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230

ERJackson

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EsmeraldaBodegon

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232

esquemaxprt

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EugeneJohnson

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Fairiprises

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235

Fancy hat

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Fashion poin

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favoure's

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Summaries of

Malletier v. The Individuals

United States District Court, Southern District of Florida
Mar 28, 2022
No. 22-CV-60192-RAR (S.D. Fla. Mar. 28, 2022)
Case details for

Malletier v. The Individuals

Case Details

Full title:LOUIS VUITTON MALLETIER, Plaintiff, v. THE INDIVIDUALS, BUSINESS ENTITIES…

Court:United States District Court, Southern District of Florida

Date published: Mar 28, 2022

Citations

No. 22-CV-60192-RAR (S.D. Fla. Mar. 28, 2022)