Opinion
Nos. S-99-961 through S-99-966.
Filed March 10, 2000.
1. Taxation: Appeal and Error. Appellate review of decisions by the Tax Equalization and Review Commission is limited to error on the record.
2. Judgments: Appeal and Error. When reviewing an order for errors appearing on the record, the appellate court's inquiry is whether the decision conforms to the law, is supported by competent evidence, and is neither arbitrary, capricious, nor unreasonable.
3. Taxation: Appeal and Error. Questions of law arising during appellate review of Tax Equalization and Review Commission decisions are reviewed de novo on the record.
4. Constitutional Law: Taxation: Valuation: Mines and Minerals. A classification scheme created in which only those minerals contained in lands owned by or under the control of mining companies were given value for tax purposes, whereas other mineral interests in other lands were ignored, violates the uniformity provisions of article VIII, § 1, of the Nebraska Constitution.
Appeal from the Nebraska Tax Equalization and Review Commission. Judgments in Nos. S-99-961, S-99-964, and S-99-966 reversed. Judgments in Nos. S-99-962, S-99-963, and S-99-965 affirmed.
Ronald L. Comes, of McGrath, North, Mullin Kratz, P.C., for appellants.
Charles E. Dorwart, of James R. Brown, P.C., for appellee.
HENDRY, C.J., WRIGHT, CONNOLLY, GERRARD, McCORMACK, and MILLER-LERMAN, JJ., and INBODY, Judge.
NATURE OF CASE
Lyman-Richey Corporation and Lyman-Richey Sand Gravel Corporation (collectively Lyman-Richey) appeal the orders of the Nebraska Tax Equalization and Review Commission (Commission) which affirmed the decisions of the Cass County Board of Equalization (Board) regarding the valuation of certain real property in Cass County owned by Lyman-Richey. These cases were consolidated for hearing before the Commission and have been consolidated on appeal before this court. For the reason recited below, we affirm the orders of the Commission in cases Nos. S-99-962, S-99-963, and S-99-965, and we reverse the Commission's orders in cases Nos. S-99-961, S-99-964, and S-99-966.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
In connection with its 1998 real property tax assessment, Cass County hired an outside appraiser, Patrick Schulte, to appraise the mineral interests of certain real property in Cass County. Veda Copenhaver, the Cass County assessor, gave Schulte a list of approximately 85 parcels of land on which he was to appraise the mineral interests, together with copies of the assessment records for each of the parcels. All of the properties identified by the assessor, including those of Lyman-Richey, were either owned by or under lease to mining companies. During the appraisal process, Schulte identified certain additional properties on which he appraised the value of the mineral interests. These properties, like those identified by the assessor, were either owned by or under lease to mining companies.
Upon completion of the appraisal process, Schulte prepared a "Project Data Book" (report), containing, inter alia, his estimates of the market value as of January 1, 1998, of the mineral reserves on the subject properties. In the report, Schulte reported that in order to complete the appraisal assignment, he "interviewed each of the owners of mining operations in Cass County and owners of farmlands under lease to mineral companies." Schulte's cover letter to Copenhaver, transmitting the report, indicated that he had completed the "appraisal for assessment of all the mineral interest values for the assigned properties in Cass County, Nebraska."
Following receipt of Schulte's report, Cass County mailed out its 1998 real property tax assessments. For those properties appraised by Schulte as having a mineral interest value, Cass County sent out two separate tax billing statements. As to each taxed parcel at issue, the statements each bore a legal description of the real property and an identification number. The first statement bore an identification number corresponding to the surface component of the parcel and assessed the value of this component. The second statement bore a second identification number which corresponded to the mineral interest component of the parcel and assessed the value of the mineral interest component. Thus, the assessed value for each parcel at issue was a total of the two assessments assigned to each of the tax parcels.
Lyman-Richey owns three parcels of real property in Cass County which were assessed values on both their mineral and surface components. These properties, together with their parcel identification numbers, valuations, and appellate case numbers, are summarized as follows:
Appeal Tax Number/Surface Valuation Number Parcel or Mineral Valuation
S-99-961 2971-36-0-00000-000-0021 130302791/$128,616 — mineral S-99-962 2971-36-0-00000-000-0021 130167460/$238,663 — surface S-99-963 2971-35-0-00000-000-0088 130301272/$ 19,926 — surface S-99-964 2971-35-0-00000-000-0088 130302872/$ 28,800 — mineral S-99-965 2971-35-0-00000-000-0090 130167487/$ 64,478 — surface S-99-966 2971-35-0-00000-000-0090 130302805/$ 84,012 — mineral
We recognize that our table, as prepared above, differs from the table set forth by Lyman-Richey in its brief, but we believe it comports with and accurately reflects the record.
Lyman-Richey timely filed a protest as to each valuation. Because of the two separate billings sent for each of the three properties, Lyman-Richey filed two separate protests for each property, resulting in six actions. Lyman-Richey did not dispute the valuation of the surface component standing alone, but did challenge the mineral interest valuation and the mineral interest valuation when combined with the surface valuation for each parcel. Lyman-Richey's six protests were consolidated and came on for hearing before the Board, which adopted the assessor's valuation on July 24, 1998.
Thereafter, Lyman-Richey appealed the Board's decision to the Commission. The appeal was heard on February 18, 1999. During its hearing on Lyman-Richey's appeals, the Commission received into evidence the depositions of Schulte and the assessor, Copenhaver. In Schulte's deposition, he admitted that there were properties in Cass County containing mineral interests that were not included in his appraisal report. Furthermore, Schulte indicated that his appraisal report excluded properties neighboring the appraised properties, if those neighboring properties were not owned or leased by mining companies. Schulte admitted that it was likely the mineral reserves under the appraised properties did not stop at the property lines but continued into adjacent lands, the latter of which were not appraised for mineral interests.
In Copenhaver's deposition, she confirmed that Cass County had assessed the mineral interests only of properties owned or under lease to mining companies. Copenhaver justified this disparate treatment on the basis that there had been no indication in the sale prices of properties not owned or under lease to mining companies that such other properties had a greater value than that assessed. Copenhaver admitted, however, that mineral interests do not stop at fence lines or county roads and that it was possible that properties adjacent to properties whose mineral rights had been assessed also contained minerals. Copenhaver further conceded that there were parcels in Cass County with mineral interests other than those lands owned or under lease to mining companies.
Raymond Burchett, a research geologist and professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, also testified before the Commission. Through his work with the Nebraska Geological Survey, Burchett was familiar with mineral reserves and their locations in Cass County, as well as throughout the state. In his testimony, Burchett identified a parcel of property possessing a mineral reserve that was not owned by or under lease to a mining company and, accordingly, had been excluded from the assessor's 1998 separate property tax assessment on mineral interests.
On August 3, 1999, the Commission affirmed the Board's decisions and, with minor adjustments to the valuations of certain surface components, adopted the assessor's valuations. In its decisions, the Commission ruled that Lyman-Richey had failed to satisfy its burden of proof of demonstrating that the assessed values were unreasonable.
Lyman-Richey appeals the Commission's decisions. On appeal to this court, Lyman-Richey does not challenge the values assessed by the assessor on the surface components of the real property at issue as adjusted, but does challenge the mineral interest and combined valuation for each parcel.
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
On appeal, Lyman-Richey has assigned five errors. For purposes of these appeals, we need address only one error, as it is dispositive. Lyman-Richey claims, restated, that Cass County violated the Nebraska Constitution's uniformity clause, art. VIII, § 1, by its selective imposition of an increased value and assessment of its property containing mineral interests based solely on the ownership or control of the property.
STANDARDS OF REVIEW
[1-3] Appellate review of decisions by the Commission is limited to error on the record. Neb. Rev. Stat. § 77-5019 (Supp. 1999). When reviewing an order for errors appearing on the record, the appellate court's inquiry is whether the decision conforms to the law, is supported by competent evidence, and is neither arbitrary, capricious, nor unreasonable. Constructors, Inc. v. Cass Cty. Bd. of Equal., ante p. 866, 606 N.W.2d 786 (2000); Harrison Square v. Sarpy Cty. Bd. of Equal., 6 Neb. App. 454, 574 N.W.2d 180 (1998). Questions of law, however, are reviewed de novo on the record. Constructors, Inc., supra.
ANALYSIS
Lyman-Richey claims that the Cass County 1998 real property tax mineral assessment violated Lyman-Richey's rights under the Nebraska Constitution's uniformity clause, which provides that "[t]axes shall be levied by valuation uniformly and proportionately upon all real property and franchises as defined by the Legislature except as otherwise provided in or permitted by this Constitution. . . ." Neb. Const. art. VIII, § 1. We agree with Lyman-Richey that by virtue of its separate assessment of the mineral component based on ownership or control, Cass County's treatment of Lyman-Richey's real property at issue for tax year 1998 violated this constitutional provision.
We recently addressed the uniformity issue presented in these cases in Constructors, Inc., supra. We adopt the reasoning and holding of Constructors, Inc. in the instant cases. In Constructors, Inc., we held that "the classification scheme created in which only those minerals contained in lands owned by the appellants were given value for tax purposes, whereas other mineral interests were ignored, violates the uniformity provisions of article VIII, § 1, of the Nebraska Constitution." Ante at 875, 606 N.W.2d at 793.
For the reasons set forth fully in Constructors, Inc., supra, we conclude that Lyman-Richey's assignment of error, as restated above, has merit. Accordingly, we reverse the decisions of the Commission with respect to the valuation of Lyman-Richey's mineral interests. Because Lyman-Richey has not challenged the Commission's decisions with regard to the surface component assessed values, we affirm the Commission's decisions with respect to those valuations.
This court has thoroughly reviewed each of the records in these cases as prepared and transmitted, and we have noted numerous inconsistencies with respect to which files control the various mineral and surface interests. Based upon our review of these records, we determine cases Nos. S-99-961, S-99-964, and S-99-966 to be the appeals from the Commission's decisions concerning the valuation of Lyman-Richey's mineral interests, and cases Nos. S-99-962, S-99-963, and S-99-965 to be the appeals from the Commission's decisions concerning Lyman-Richey's surface valuations. Accordingly, we reverse the Commission's decisions in cases Nos. S-99-961, S-99-964, and S-99-966. The tax assessments on the mineral interests in these cases are therefore void. We affirm the Commission's decisions in cases Nos. S-99-962, S-99-963, and S-99-965.
JUDGMENTS IN NOS. S-99-961, S-99-964, AND S-99-966 REVERSED.
JUDGMENTS IN NOS. S-99-962, S-99-963, AND S-99-965 AFFIRMED.
STEPHAN, J., not participating.