Opinion
Case No. C20-5515-MLP
01-04-2021
LUMICO LIFE INSURANCE CO., Plaintiff, v. JOHN ADAMS, Defendant.
ORDER
I. INTRODUCTION
This matter is before the Court on Plaintiff Lumico Life Insurance Co.'s ("Plaintiff") second "Motion for Substitute Service on Defendant John Adams" pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(e)(1) ("Plaintiff's Motion"). (Pl.'s 2nd Mot. (Dkt. # 12).) Having considered Plaintiff's Motion, the supporting declarations, and the balance of the record, the Court recommends Plaintiff's Motion be DENIED (dkt. # 12), as explained further below.
II. BACKGROUND
On June 1, 2020, Plaintiff filed this action seeking a declaration that two life insurance policies issued by Plaintiff are void due to a lack of insurable interest and/or material misrepresentations by Defendant John Adams ("Defendant") in his applications. (Compl. (Dkt. # 1) at 3-4.) Plaintiff's Motion specifies this action was initiated after determining Defendant's identifying information, including his supplied contact information, was allegedly misrepresented in his applications. (Pl.'s 2nd Mot. at 2.)
On June 2, 2020 through June 5, 2020, Plaintiff used Castleberry Courier Service, Inc. ("Castleberry") to effectuate service on Defendant. (Castleberry Decl. (Dkt. # 13) at ¶¶ 3, 5-12.) Castleberry attempted to serve Defendant at the address given by Defendant when issuing his policies but was unable locate Defendant at said address. (Id. at ¶¶ 5-7.) The occupant of Plaintiff's last-known address informed Castleberry that Defendant had not resided there for at least two years. (Id. at ¶ 7.) Castleberry then searched publicly available databases to locate Defendant and was able to determine three possible addresses. (Id. at ¶ 8.) Despite efforts to reach Defendant at the alternate addresses, Castleberry was unable to locate him because he was either not an occupant of the alternate addresses or because the address was associated with a different "John Adams." (Id. at ¶¶ 9-13; Treadway Decl. (Dkt. # 15) at ¶ 4.)
On September 11, 2020, Plaintiff filed its first "Motion for Substitute Service on Defendant John Adams" ("Plaintiff's First Service Motion") based on Castleberry's efforts to locate Defendant. (Pl.'s 1st Mot. (Dkt. # 7).) On September 22, 2020, this Court denied Plaintiff's First Service Motion because Plaintiff failed to demonstrate it had mailed a copy of the summons and complaint in the manner identified in RCW 4.28.100, or show that Defendant had departed from Washington to avoid service of summons, to permit service by publication. (Order (Dkt. # 10) at 3.) The Court directed Plaintiff to file a renewed service motion showing the summons and complaint had been mailed in the manner directed in RCW 4.28.100 and to provide additional facts demonstrating Defendant was purposefully avoiding service of summons if not successful. (Id.)
On December 15, 2020, this Court issued an Order to Show Cause due to Plaintiff's lack of activity in this case and continued failure to serve within 90 days pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(m). (Order (Dkt. # 11) at 2-3.) On December 29, 2020, Plaintiff filed its Motion. (Pl.'s 2nd Mot.) Plaintiff's Motion indicates that after the Court's Order denying Plaintiff's First Service Motion, Plaintiff attempted to serve the summons and complaint via certified mail to Plaintiff's last-known address and the three alternate addresses identified by Castleberry (Id. at 3; Treadway Decl. at ¶ 5.) Plaintiff received returned copies of the summons and complaint as "undelivered" for three of the addresses. (Id.) On October 5, 2020, the summons and complaint were served on a "John Adams" at 5809 Shady Lane in Lacey, Washington. (Pl.'s 2nd Mot. at 3; Treadway Decl. at ¶ 6, Ex. 1.) However, the "John Adams" who was served at 5809 Shady Lane in Lacey, Washington was not believed to be the correct Defendant in this action. (Castleberry Decl. at ¶¶ 12-14.)
Plaintiff engaged private investigator Randy Bennett to locate Defendant on December 24, 2020, based on the information Plaintiff had available. (Pl.'s 2nd Mot. at 3-4; Bennett Decl. (Dkt. # 14) at ¶ 3.) Mr. Bennett confirmed the "John Adams" at 5809 Shady Lane in Lacey, Washington was not the correct Defendant but was unable to determine a location for Defendant during his investigation. (Id. at ¶¶ 5-6.)
Finally, Plaintiff's Motion notes it has attempted to contact Defendant using the telephone number listed and the e-mail address listed on his life insurance applications but received no response from either attempt. (Pl.'s 2nd Mot. at 4.; Treadway Decl. at ¶ 8.) Plaintiff also represents it has searched motor vehicle registration records, property records, court records, and social media to locate the Defendant but has been unable to. (Treadway Decl. at ¶ 10.) Based on the above-referenced efforts, Plaintiff represents it has exhausted its ability to locate Defendant because it does not have access to any other additional identifying and/or contact information to conduct further search. (Id. at ¶¶ 9-11.)
III. DISCUSSION
Federal Rule of Procedure 4(e)(1) allows a plaintiff to effect service by "following state law for serving a summons in an action brought in the courts of general jurisdiction in the state where the district court is located or where service is made." Washington's service by publication statute, RCW 4.28.100, provides in relevant part:
When the defendant cannot be found within the state, and upon the filing of an affidavit of the plaintiff, his agent, or attorney, with the clerk of the court, stating that he believes that the defendant is not a resident of the state, or cannot be found therein, and that he or she has deposited a copy of the summons (substantially in the form prescribed in RCW 4.28.110) and complaint in the post office, directed to the defendant at his or her place of residence, unless it is stated in the affidavit that such residence is not known to the affiant, and stating the existence of one of the cases hereinafter specified, the service may be made by publication of the summons, by the plaintiff or his or her attorney in any of the following cases:RCW 4.28.100. Service by publication is "in derogation of the common law," and therefore a party must strictly comply with the statute. Rodriguez v. James-Jackson, 111 P.3d 271, 274 (Wash. App. Div. 1 2005); see also Canal Ins. Co. v. Mengeste, 2019 WL 2491951, at *2 (W.D. Wash. June 14, 2019) (finding conclusory allegations of RCW 4.28.100(2) statutory factors insufficient to grant service by publication) (citing Bruff v. Main, 943 P.2d 295, 297 (Wash. App. Div. 1 1997) (denying service by publication where affidavits failed to include facts suggesting defendant's conduct was undertaken with intent required under RCW 4.28.100(2))).
. . .
(2). When the defendant, being a resident of this state, has departed therefrom with intent to defraud his creditors, or to avoid the service of a summons, or keeps himself concealed therein with like intent.
In addition, to fully comply with RCW 4.28.100, Washington courts have articulated the plaintiff must make an "honest and reasonable effort" to find the defendant. See Boes v. Bisiar, 94 P.3d 975, 979 (Wash. App. Div. 3 2004) (quoting Brenner v. Port of Bellingham,765 P.2d 1333, 1336 (1989)); Carson v. Northstar Development Co., 814 P.2d 217, 221 (Wash. App. Div. 1 1991). Consequently, an affidavit supporting service by publication should identify all steps taken to personally serve the defendant and demonstrate that all efforts to personally serve the defendant were reasonably diligent. Charboneau Excavating, Inc. v. Turnipseed, 75 P.3d 1011, 1014 (Wash. App. Div. 2 2003); Bruff, 943 P.2d at 297. A plaintiff need not employ all conceivable means of personal service before seeking service by publication. Carson, 814 P.2d at 221. However, the plaintiff is required to follow up on any information possessed that might reasonably assist in determining the defendant's location. Id.; Charboneau, 75 P.3d at 1014.
Plaintiff's Second Motion contends there is now good cause for service by publication because Plaintiff remains unable to locate Defendant despite making reasonable efforts to do so through available means. (Pl.'s 2nd Mot. at 5.) As such, Plaintiff argues that the only practicable means of serving Defendant is through publication. (Id.) In support of this contention, Plaintiff proffers that Boes and Pascua v. Heil, 108 P.3d 1253 (Wash. App. Div. 2 2005) both upheld alternative service of process where the Plaintiff was unable to serve the Defendant after making reasonable efforts to do so at all known addresses. (Id.)
Based on Plaintiff's Motion, and the record before the Court, it appears Plaintiff has engaged in a reasonably diligent effort to serve Defendant by attempting to personally serve him at his last-known address, three other possible addresses, and by mailing a copy of the summons and complaint by certified mail to those addresses. See Castleberry Decl. at ¶¶ 3, 5-14; Treadway Decl. at ¶¶ 5-6. Plaintiff also engaged in a diligent search for Defendant by employing a private investigator, utilizing publicly available databases, and by attempting to contact him via phone and e-mail. See Treadway Decl. at ¶¶ 8-11; Bennett Decl. at ¶¶ 3, 5.
Nevertheless, Plaintiff still has yet to fulfill the statutory requirements of RCW 4.28.100(2). Plaintiff has failed to provide facts clearly demonstrating Defendant: (1) is in fact a resident of Washington; (2) has specifically departed from Washington with intent to defraud his creditors or to avoid service of a summons; or (3) is keeping himself concealed with like intent. See RCW 4.28.100(2). Instead, Plaintiff has merely demonstrated it cannot locate Defendant based on the information available to it from his life insurance applications. Although the Court recognizes Plaintiff has put forth significant effort to search and serve Defendant, Plaintiff fails to meet the requirements to authorize service by publication in this case. See Pascua v. Heil, 108 P.3d 1253, 1257 (Wash. App. Div. 2 2005) ("A bare recitation of the statutory factors required to obtain jurisdiction is insufficient; the plaintiff must produce the specific facts which support the conclusions required by [RCW 4.28.100(2)]."); Charboneau, 75 P.3d at 1014-15 (finding service by publication was not warranted in absence of any evidence defendant was trying to conceal himself to avoid service of process); Bruff, 943 P.2d at 297 (same); Kent v. Lee, 762 P.2d 24, 26 (Wash. App. Div. 2 1988) (finding RCW 4.28.100(2) does not authorize service by publication "simply because a defendant cannot be found, but only if, in addition, one of the specific factual requirements of [RCW 4.28.100(2)] can be shown.").
Furthermore, despite Plaintiff's contention to the contrary, both Pascua and Boes fail to support Plaintiff's suggestion that service by publication is warranted based on reasonable efforts to locate alone. In fact, Pascua found an attempt to serve by publication was improperly authorized by the trial court because the plaintiff failed to engage in reasonable efforts to locate the defendant and also failed to establish the defendant had concealed herself, or departed the state with the intent to avoid service of process, to satisfy the requirements of RCW 4.28.100(2). See Pascua, 108 P.3d at 1259-61. Moreover, Boes is readily distinguishable from this matter. Service by publication was authorized in Boes because the affidavits filed demonstrated diligence in attempting to serve the defendant while also supporting an inference the defendant in that case intended to evade service of process under RCW 4.28.100(2) because he had left the state during the final 10 days remaining under the applicable statute of limitations for the cause of action asserted. See Boes, 94 P.3d at 980.
The deadline to serve Defendant has previously elapsed. However, the Court finds Plaintiff's diligent efforts to serve Defendant meet the good cause standard under Fed. R. Civ. P. 4(m), and therefore, grants Plaintiff an additional extension of time until February 1, 2021, to attempt to locate and serve Defendant. Should Plaintiff remain unsuccessful in its attempt to serve Defendant, it may submit another motion with the Court for relief.
IV. CONCLUSION
Having considered Plaintiff's Motion, the supporting declarations, and the balance of the record, the Court hereby ORDERS that Plaintiff's Motion (dkt. # 12) is DENIED.
Dated this 4th day of January, 2021.
/s/_________
MICHELLE L. PETERSON
United States Magistrate Judge