Summary
In City of Livonia v Jasik, 393 Mich. 439; 224 N.W.2d 838 (1975), the Court was asked to decide whether Boykin/Jaworski advice was a necessary component in the plea-taking procedure in a misdemeanor case.
Summary of this case from People v. YostOpinion
Docket No. 55715.
Argued January 9, 1975 (Calendar No. 11).
Decided January 21, 1975.
Harry C. Tatigian, City Attorney, and Robert B. Brzezinski, Assistant City Attorney, for the City of Livonia.
Richard M. Lustig, for defendant.
Amici Curiae:
William L. McManus, for Michigan District Judges Association.
G.H. Zitzelsberger, for Michigan Association of Municipal Judges.
Alphonso R. Harper, for Recorder's Court of Detroit.
John L. Barkai (Stuart M. Israel, of counsel), for Clinical Advocacy Program, Wayne State University Law School.
Defendant was charged with fleeing arrest and reckless driving. On November 9, 1972, she appeared in district court along with other defendants and the judge informed the group of their rights.
"When I call your name, please step up before the bench. Step up before the microphone in front of the recorder. I will read the charge against you and at that time, you may enter your plea. You may enter a plea of not guilty, guilty, or you may stand mute. If you enter a plea of mute or not guilty, I'll assign a trial date and the officer will give you a slip as a reminder of that date. If you enter a plea of guilty in a traffic offense, a fine will in most cases be levied today. If it's a more serious charge, you'll be instructed to go down to the Probation Department and a presentence report will be gotten from the Probation Department and you will report back on the date I give you as sentencing date. Now, each of you has a right to a trial. You have a right to a trial either by this Court or by a jury if you so desire. You're entitled to call witnesses in your behalf. You're entitled to cross examine the witnesses of the People. You're entitled to be represented by counsel, and if you are indigent, to have counsel appointed for you. It is the duty of the People to prove any charge against you beyond a reasonable doubt. Now, if you have any questions, you may ask them when you're up before the bench."
When defendant stepped forward, she was told her offense was "punishable by a maximum of 90 days in jail or a fine of $500, or both, in the discretion of the court". The judge said the defendant was "entitled to a trial either by this Court or by a jury". After indicating that she had heard the explanation of her rights, defendant elected to stand mute.
When defendant returned to court on November 30, her lawyer said he had "advised her of her rights and she wishes at this time to change her plea from not guilty to that of guilty to this charge" of fleeing arrest. The prosecutor agreed to dismiss the charge of reckless driving.
The court and defendant had this exchange:
"The Court: All right, you've heard what your attorney has said, do you agree with what he has said?
"Ms. Jasik: Yes sir.
"The Court: All right and your rights were explained to you at the time of arraignment and you understood?
"Ms. Jasik: Yes.
"The Court: And your attorney has subsequently explained them to you again?
"Ms. Jasik: Yes.
"The Court: All right, the Court will accept your plea of guilty."
The court postponed sentencing to receive a presentence report from the probation department.
Sentencing occurred on December 28. The probation department recommended a jail sentence. Surprised, defendant's attorney explained the circumstances of the incident. Unmoved, the court fined defendant $100 and ordered her to spend 10 days in the Detroit House of Correction.
On appeal the circuit court affirmed, expressing a hope that "appeal will be sought to the Supreme Court of Michigan to clarify this matter". The Court of Appeals denied leave to appeal "for lack of merit in the grounds presented".
Defendant contends her plea is invalid because it was not accepted in accordance with procedures established by Boykin v Alabama, 395 U.S. 238; 89 S Ct 1709; 23 L Ed 2d 274 (1969), and adapted in People v Jaworski, 387 Mich. 21; 194 N.W.2d 868 (1972). Defendant argues that Argersinger v Hamlin, 407 U.S. 25; 92 S Ct 2006; 32 L Ed 2d 530 (1972), indicates these procedures should be extended to misdemeanors.
Citing previous decisions using the Fourteenth Amendment to apply the Sixth Amendment to all state criminal prosecutions, Argersinger held that "absent a knowing and intelligent waiver, no person may be imprisoned for any offense, whether classified as petty, misdemeanor, or felony, unless he was represented by counsel at his trial". Argersinger is retroactive. (See Berry v Cincinnati, 414 U.S. 29; 94 S Ct 193; 38 L Ed 2d 187).
Defendant's contention concerning Boykin and Jaworski has interested this Court (see e.g. People v Kuchulan, 390 Mich. 701; 213 N.W.2d 95) and the Court of Appeals (see People v Tomlinson, 50 Mich. App. 655; 213 N.W.2d 803). The Court is at this time considering a rule whereby the plea-taking procedure in misdemeanor cases would be clarified.
However, we find it unnecessary to reach the issue raised by defendant. In accepting her plea, the trial court did not follow existing procedures. For this reason, we reverse the decisions below and remand to the district court.
DCR 2003.8 reads:
"Before accepting a plea of guilty to a traffic offense other than parking, standing, or non-moving traffic offenses, the court shall inform the defendant of his constitutional rights and determine that the plea offered is free and voluntary."
DCR 2002.1 defines traffic offenses in part as being "any violation of a statute, ordinance or regulation relating to the operation or use of motor vehicles".
The ordinance under which defendant was charged reads:
"A driver of a motor vehicle, who is given by hand, voice, emergency light or siren a visual or audible signal by a police officer, acting in the lawful performance of his duty, directing the driver to bring his motor vehicle to a stop, and who wilfully fails to obey such direction, by increasing his speed, extinguishing his lights, or otherwise attempting to flee or elude the officer, is guilty of a misdemeanor. The officer giving the signal shall be in uniform; and a vehicle driven at night shall be adequately identified as an official police vehicle."
Although the trial court had given a statement of rights to the defendant and a group of others at her initial appearance, the statement was not repeated prior to acceptance of the plea nor was there a determination that the plea was free and voluntary. This plea-taking procedure does not comply with the court rule.
By this decision we do not mean to condone the action or inaction of defendant's attorney who has represented her throughout these proceedings. Reference is made to part IV of Justice WILLIAMS' opinion in Jaworski in which a similar situation was discussed.
We reverse the decisions of the courts below and remand to the district court to permit defendant to withdraw her plea.
T.G. Kavanagh, C.J., and T.M. KAVANAGH, SWAINSON, WILLIAMS, LEVIN, and J.W. FITZGERALD, JJ., concurred with M.S. COLEMAN, J.
NOTE: Where possible, a syllabus (headnote), such as this, will be released at the time the opinion is released. This syllabus is not a part of the opinion of the Court but has been written by the Supreme Court Reporter as a summary of the case for the convenience of readers. See United States v Detroit Lumber Company, 200 U.S. 321, 337; 26 S Ct 282; 50 L Ed 499 (1906).