Summary
holding that the Court of Appeals cannot properly ignore an enumeration of error regarding insufficiency of evidence to support a conviction when contention was made that the evidence was insufficient even prior to exclusion of any improperly admitted evidence
Summary of this case from Davis v. StateOpinion
37910.
DECIDED DECEMBER 1, 1981.
Certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Georgia — 159 Ga. App. 301.
Ralph M. Walke, Richard T. Taylor, for appellant.
Beverly B. Hayes, District Attorney, H. Jeff Lanier, Assistant District Attorney, for appellee.
We granted certiorari to determine whether or not the Court of Appeal properly declined to pass upon an enumeration of error that the evidence was insufficient to support the verdict. Lewis v. State, 159 Ga. App. 301 ( 283 S.E.2d 275) (1981).
The court of Appeals first reached the general grounds and determined that the evidence did not support the verdict. Then on motion for rehearing by the state, the Court of Appeals withdrew that opinion and substituted a new opinion ignoring the enumeration of error presenting the general grounds and reversing, as in the companion case of Falsetta v. State, 158 Ga. App. 392 (1) ( 280 S.E.2d 411) (1981), on a ground relating to the response of a juror during voir dire.
The withdrawn opinion of the Court of Appeals, if not properly withdrawn by the court, would have precluded Lewis' retrial under double jeopardy principles enunciated by the Supreme Court of the United States, whereas the ground for reversal upon which the Court of Appeals put its second or rewritten opinion would have allowed Lewis to be retried. Burks v. United States, 437 U.S. 1 ( 98 S.C. 2141, 57 L.Ed.2d 1) (1978); Greene v. Massey, 437 U.S. 19 ( 98 S.C. 2151, 57 L.Ed.2d 15) (1978).
1. We face squarely in the present case the situation to which we alluded in passing in footnote 6 of our opinion in Hall v. State, 244 Ga. 86, 94 ( 259 S.E.2d 41) (1979). See also, Knowles v. State, 246 Ga. 378, 385 (12) ( 271 S.E.2d 615) (1980), and Stewart v. State, 246 Ga. 70, 76 (5) ( 268 S.E.2d 906) (1980).
Recognizing that arguments to the contrary would be "strained and unsatisfying," the state concedes that an appellate court may not ignore an enumeration of error regarding the insufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction in the situation presented by the case at bar, that is, where the contention is made that the evidence is insufficient to support the verdict even prior to the exclusion of any improperly admitted evidence. We agree, and adhere to views expressed in Hall v. State, supra.
2. Lewis now contends for the first time that Burks v. United States, supra, precludes withdrawal, and requires reinstatement of the first opinion of the Court of Appeals that reversed the trial court on the general grounds. Although this issue never was presented to and decided by the Court of Appeals, judicial economy dictates that we reach and adjudicate it now rather than awaiting its inevitable reappearance before this court.
We are unable to equate for purposes of constitutional double jeopardy a verdict of not guilty with an appellate court decision that is withdrawn and rewritten before the judgment of the appellate court becomes final under law. Such a judgment is tentative and does not serve to invoke the constitutional double jeopardy safeguard. Accordingly, we hold that the Court of Appeals could withdraw its opinion on motion for rehearing.
3. The case is reversed and remanded to the Court of Appeals for reconsideration of the enumeration of error questioning the sufficiency of the evidence to support the verdict.
Judgment reversed and case remanded. All the Justices concur.