The courts have frequently recognized that Congress did not provide any appeal procedures for government employees dismissed from probationary trial employment. Semaan v. Mumford, 1964, 118 U.S.App.D.C. 282, 335 F.2d 704; Hicks v. Day, 1961, 110 U.S.App.D.C. 121, 289 F.2d 787; Bander v. United States, 158 F. Supp. 564, 141 Ct.Cl. 373, cert. denied, 358 U.S. 855, 79 S.Ct. 85, 3 L.Ed.2d 89; Nadelhaft v. United States, 1955, 132 Ct. Cl. 316, 131 F. Supp. 930; Kirkpatrick v. Gray, 1952, 91 U.S.App.D.C. 138, 198 F.2d 533, cert. denied, Priestly v. Donaldson, 344 U.S. 880, 73 S.Ct. 178, 97 L.Ed. 682; Levy v. Woods, 1948, 84 U.S.App.D.C. 138, 171 F.2d 145. Plaintiff, relying on Chapter 58 of Title 8, Department of Agriculture Regulations, argues that the regulations authorize a probationary employee to appeal a decision to separate him from government service.
"Unless limited by constitution or statute, `the power of appointment to public office carries with it the right of removal.'" Levy v. Woods, 84 U.S.App. D.C. 138, 139, 171 F.2d 145, 146 (1948); Levine v. Farley, 70 App.D.C. 381, 385, 107 F.2d 186, 190 (1939). Congress has, however, limited the power of removal to those discharges which will "promote the efficiency of the service."
If, however, the employee's removal is not effected in the manner and by the procedure required by the law and the applicable regulations, which have the force and effect of law, then the courts will afford relief. Angilly v. United States, D.C.S.D.N.Y. 1952, 105 F. Supp. 257, affirmed 2 Cir., 199 F.2d 642; Williams v. Cravens, 1954, 93 U.S.App.D.C. 380, 210 F.2d 874, certiorari denied sub nom. Williams v. Robbins, 348 U.S. 819, 75 S.Ct. 30, 99 L. Ed. 646; Kohlberg v. Gray, 1953, 93 U.S. App.D.C. 97, 207 F.2d 35; Levy v. Woods, 1948, 84 U.S.App.D.C. 138, 171 F.2d 145; Carter v. Forrestal, 1949, 85 U.S.App. D.C. 53, 175 F.2d 364, certiorari denied 338 U.S. 832, 70 S.Ct. 47, 94 L.Ed. 507. Vitarelli v. Seaton, 1959, 359 U.S. 535, 79 S.Ct. 968, 3 L.Ed.2d 1012; Service v. Dulles, 1957, 354 U.S. 363, 77 S.Ct. 1152, 1 L.Ed.2d 1403; Peters v. Hobby, 1955, 349 U.S. 331, 75 S.Ct. 790, 99 L. Ed. 1129; United States ex rel. Accardi v. Shaughnessy, 1954, 347 U.S. 260, 74 S. Ct. 499, 98 L.Ed. 681.
harge for the good of the Government service can be assigned. It is essential to the good of such service that employees devote Government time to Government service and that superiors at all levels operate with a decent regard to at least the rudiments of accepted manners toward subordinates. Eberlein v. United States, 257 U.S. 82, 42 S.Ct. 12, 66 L.Ed. 140 (1921); Keim v. United States, 177 U.S. 290, 20 S.Ct. 574, 44 L.Ed. 774 (1900); Keyton v. Anderson, 97 U.S.App.D.C. 178, 229 F.2d 519 (D.C. Cir. 1956); Benenati v. Young, 95 U.S.App.D.C. 120, 220 F.2d 383 (D.C. Cir. 1955); Williams v. Cravens, 93 U.S.App.D.C. 380, 210 F.2d 874 (D.C. Cir. 1954), certiorari denied 348 U.S. 819, 75 S.Ct. 30, 99 L.Ed. 646 (1954); Blackmon v. Lee, 92 U.S.App.D.C. 268, 205 F.2d 13 (D.C. Cir. 1953); Powell v. Brannan, 91 U.S.App.D.C. 16, 196 F.2d 871 (D.C. Cir. 1952); Carter v. Forrestal, 85 U.S.App.D.C. 53, 175 F.2d 364 (D.C. Cir. 1949), certiorari denied 338 U.S. 832, 70 S.Ct. 47, 94 L.Ed. 507 (1949); Levy v. Woods, 84 U.S.App.D.C. 138, 171 F.2d 145 (D.C. Cir. 1948). Affirmed.
Cf. Gadsden v. United States, 1948, 78 F. Supp. 126, 111 Ct.Cl. 487, a "discharge" case involving a claim for back salary; Knotts v. United States, 1954, 121 F. Supp. 630, 128 Ct.Cl. 489. Hammond v. Hull, 1942, 76 U.S.App.D.C. 301, 306-307, 131 F.2d 23, 28-29, certiorari denied, 1943, 318 U.S. 777, 63 S. Ct. 830, 87 L.Ed. 1145; Levine v. Farley, 1939, 70 App.D.C. 381, 385, 107 F.2d 186, 190, certiorari denied, 1940, 308 U.S. 622, 60 S.Ct. 377, 84 L.Ed. 519; Cooper v. O'Connor, 1938, 69 App.D.C. 100, 105, 99 F.2d 135, 140, 118 A.L.R. 1440, certiorari denied, 1938, 305 U.S. 643, 59 S.Ct. 146, 83 L.Ed. 414; cf. Levy v. Woods, 1948, 84 U.S.App.D.C. 138, 139, 171 F.2d 145, 146; Dunn v. Ickes, 1940, 72 App.D.C. 325, 115 F.2d 36, certiorari denied, 1940, 311 U.S. 698, 61 S.Ct. 137, 85 L.Ed. 452. The complaint as supplemented by exhibits makes clear, on appellant's next point, that the Civil Service Commission accorded to her the full benefit of the procedures required by Congress.
E.g., Decatur v. Paulding, 1840, 14 Pet. 497, 40 U.S. 497, 10 L.Ed. 559; Keim v. United States, 1900, 177 U.S. 290, 20 S. Ct. 574, 44 L.Ed. 774. E.g., Powell v. Brannan, 1952, 91 U.S. App.D.C. 16, 196 F.2d 871; Levy v. Woods, 1948, 84 U.S.App.D.C. 138, 171 F.2d 145; Friedman v. Schwellenbach, 1946, 81 U.S.App.D.C. 365, 159 F.2d 22, certiorari denied, 1947, 330 U.S. 838, 67 S. Ct. 979, 91 L.Ed. 1285; Hammond v. Hull, 1942, 76 U.S.App.D.C. 301, 131 F.2d 23, certiorari denied, 1943, 318 U.S. 777, 63 S.Ct. 830, 87 L.Ed. 1145; Levine v. Farley, 1939, 70 App.D.C. 381, 107 F.2d 186, certiorari denied, 1940, 308 U.S. 622, 60 S.Ct. 377, 84 L.Ed. 519; Bailey v. Richardson, 1950, 86 U.S.App. D.C. 248, 182 F.2d 46, affirmed, 1951, 341 U.S. 918, 71 S.Ct. 669, 95 L.Ed. 1352. Steinberg contends that the Commission arbitrarily and capriciously discarded the register of eligibles, but there is no evidence to support that contention.
We thought summary judgment against her on this aspect of the case should not have been granted. It appears from the record now before us that such laws and regulations were complied with. For this reason the summary judgment now under review was proper, since no case was made for review by the District Court of the administrative discretion which resulted in the discharge. See Levy v. Woods, 1948, 84 U.S.App.D.C. 138, 139, 171 F.2d 145, 146. Judgments affirmed.
But no such basis for relief has here been laid. Eberlein v. United States, 257 U.S. 82, 42 S.Ct. 12, 66 L.Ed. 140; Keim v. United States, 177 U.S. 290, 20 S.Ct. 574, 44 L.Ed. 774; Deviny v. Campbell, 90 U.S.App.D.C. ___, 194 F.2d 876; Campbell v. Deviny, 90 U.S.App.D.C. ___, 194 F.2d 881, affirming, D.C.D.C., 81 F. Supp. 657; Levy v. Woods, 84 U.S.App. D.C. 138, 171 F.2d 145; Levine v. Farley, 70 App.D.C. 381, 107 F.2d 186, certiorari denied 308 U.S. 622, 60 S.Ct. 377, 84 L. Ed. 519; Croghan v. United States, 89 F. Supp. 1002, 116 Ct.Cl. 577, certiorari denied 340 U.S. 854, 71 S.Ct. 71, 95 L. Ed. 626; Golding v. United States, 78 Ct.Cl. 682, certiorari denied 292 U.S. 643, 54 S.Ct. 776, 78 L.Ed. 1494. Deak v. Pace, 88 U.S.App.D.C. 50, 185 F.2d 997; Carter v. Forrestal, 85 U.S. App.D.C. 53, 175 F.2d 364, certiorari denied 338 U.S. 832, 70 S.Ct. 47, 94 L.Ed. 507; Borak v. Biddle, 78 U.S.App.D.C. 374, 141 F.2d 278, certiorari denied 323 U.S. 738, 65 S.Ct. 42, 89 L.Ed. 591; Farley v. United States ex rel. Welch, 67 App.D.C. 382, 92 F.2d 533; Hurley v. Crawley, 60 App.D.C. 245, 50 F.2d 1010; Gadsden v. United States, 100 F. Supp. 455, 119 Ct.Cl. 86; Id., 78 F. Supp. 126, 111 Ct.Cl. 487, certiorari denied 342 U.S. 856, 72 S.Ct. 83. See also Riley v. Titus, 89 U.S.App.D.C. 79, 190 F.2d 653.
"We cannot draw conclusions by speculation where the data necessary for certainty was not given in the trial court." Carr v. Corning, 1950, 86 U.S.App.D.C. 173, 181, 182 F.2d 14, 22; Anderson v. United States, 1 Cir., 1950, 182 F.2d 296; see, also, Eberlein v. United States, 1921, 257 U.S. 82, 84, 42 S.Ct. 12, 66 L.Ed. 140; Levy v. Woods, 1948, 84 U.S.App.D.C. 138, 139, 171 F.2d 145, 146. Act of August 24, 1912, c. 389, § 6, 37 Stat. 555, 5 U.S.C.A. § 652, as in force in June, 1945 (when appellant was dismissed).
United States ex rel. Taylor v. Taft supra note 69. 1948, 84 U.S.App.D.C. 138, 171 F.2d 145, 146. The rule is applied even when the charges involve offenses of serious moral turpitude.