Opinion
2014-05729
11-12-2015
Steven G. LEGUM, etc., appellant-respondent, v. Joe RUSSO, et al., respondents-appellants, et al., defendant.
Steven G. Legum, Mineola, N.Y., appellant-respondent pro se. Glenn J. Wurzel, Hempstead, N.Y., for respondents-appellants.
Steven G. Legum, Mineola, N.Y., appellant-respondent pro se.
Glenn J. Wurzel, Hempstead, N.Y., for respondents-appellants.
Opinion
In an action, inter alia, to recover damages for breach of contract, the plaintiff appeals, as limited by his notice of appeal and brief, from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Nassau County (McCormack, J.), dated January 9, 2014, as denied that branch of his motion which was for summary judgment on the second cause of action insofar as asserted against the defendant RKJ Group, Inc., and the defendants Joe Russo, Kevin Morrison, and RKJ Group, Inc., cross-appeal, as limited by their brief, from so much of the same order as granted those branches of the plaintiff's motion which were pursuant to CPLR 3211(a) to dismiss their counterclaim and pursuant to CPLR 3211(b) to dismiss their second, third, fourth, fifth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth affirmative defenses.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed insofar as appealed and cross-appealed from, without costs or disbursements.
The Supreme Court properly denied that branch of the plaintiff's motion which was for summary judgment on the second cause of action, which alleged breach of contract, insofar as asserted against the defendant RKJ Group, Inc. The essential elements of a cause of action to recover damages for breach of contract are the existence of a contract, the plaintiff's performance pursuant to the contract, the defendant's breach of its contractual obligations, and damages resulting from the breach (see Canzona v. Atanasio, 118 A.D.3d 837, 838, 989 N.Y.S.2d 44; Dee v. Rakower, 112 A.D.3d 204, 208–209, 976 N.Y.S.2d 470; Elisa Dreier Reporting Corp. v. Global NAPs Networks, Inc., 84 A.D.3d 122, 127, 921 N.Y.S.2d 329). “[A] contract is to be construed in accordance with the parties' intent, which is generally discerned from the four corners of the document itself. Consequently, ‘a written agreement that is complete, clear and unambiguous on its face must be enforced according to the plain meaning of its terms' ” (MHR Capital Partners LP v. Presstek, Inc., 12 N.Y.3d 640, 645, 884 N.Y.S.2d 211, 912 N.E.2d 43, quoting Greenfield v. Philles Records, 98 N.Y.2d 562, 569, 750 N.Y.S.2d 565, 780 N.E.2d 166). “A contract is unambiguous if the language it uses has ‘a definite and precise meaning, unattended by danger of misconception in the purport of the [agreement] itself, and concerning which there is no reasonable basis for a difference of opinion’ ” (Greenfield v. Philles Records, 98 N.Y.2d at 569, 750 N.Y.S.2d 565, 780 N.E.2d 166, quoting Breed v. Insurance Co. of N. Am., 46 N.Y.2d 351, 355, 413 N.Y.S.2d 352, 385 N.E.2d 1280). “Ambiguity in a contract arises when the contract, read as a whole, fails to disclose its purpose and the parties' intent, or when specific language is susceptible of two reasonable interpretations” (Ellington v. EMI Music, Inc., 24 N.Y.3d 239, 244, 997 N.Y.S.2d 339 [citation and internal quotation marks omitted] ). Where a contract is ambiguous, extrinsic evidence may be considered to determine the parties' intent (see Schron v. Troutman Sanders LLP, 20 N.Y.3d 430, 436, 963 N.Y.S.2d 613, 986 N.E.2d 430; Greenfield v. Philles Records, 98 N.Y.2d at 569, 750 N.Y.S.2d 565, 780 N.E.2d 166). Whether a contract is ambiguous is “an issue of law for the courts to decide” (Greenfield v. Philles Records, 98 N.Y.2d at 569, 750 N.Y.S.2d 565, 780 N.E.2d 166).
Here, the plaintiff's submissions failed to eliminate triable issues of fact as to the precise terms of the agreement between the defendants and the plaintiff's predecessor-in-interest, and, given the agreement's lack of clarity regarding the terms of payment, the extent of damages in the event of a breach (see generally Alvarez v. Prospect Hosp., 68 N.Y.2d 320, 324, 508 N.Y.S.2d 923, 501 N.E.2d 572; Zuckerman v. City of New York, 49 N.Y.2d 557, 562, 427 N.Y.S.2d 595, 404 N.E.2d 718; DiCarlo Distribs., Inc. v. Golden Krust, 55 A.D.3d 528, 530, 865 N.Y.S.2d 289). In light of the plaintiff's failure to meet his prima facie burden, the Supreme Court properly denied that branch of his motion which was for summary judgment on the second cause of action insofar as asserted against the defendant RKJ Group, Inc., regardless of the sufficiency of the opposition papers of the defendants Joe Russo, Kevin Morrison, and RKJ Group, Inc. (hereinafter collectively the RKJ defendants) (see Winegrad v. New York Univ. Med. Ctr., 64 N.Y.2d 851, 853, 487 N.Y.S.2d 316, 476 N.E.2d 642).
Furthermore, the Supreme Court properly granted that branch of the plaintiff's motion which was pursuant to CPLR 3211(a) to dismiss the RKJ defendants' counterclaim, which alleged fraud in the procurement of the agreement. The RKJ defendants' claims are barred by the agreement's “as is” clause (see J. Remora Maintenance LLC v. Efromovich, 103 A.D.3d 501, 502, 960 N.Y.S.2d 27; Princes Point, LLC v. AKRF Eng'g, P.C., 94 A.D.3d 588, 944 N.Y.S.2d 493), as well as its specific disclaimer of representations regarding the condition of the subject assets. “While a general merger clause is ineffective to exclude parol evidence of fraud in the inducement, a specific disclaimer defeats any allegation that the contract was executed in reliance upon contrary oral representations” (Barnaba Realty Group, LLC v. Solomon, 121 A.D.3d 730, 731, 994 N.Y.S.2d 356; see DiBuono v. Abbey, LLC, 95 A.D.3d 1062, 1064, 944 N.Y.S.2d 280; McGowan v. Winant Place Assoc., 270 A.D.2d 466, 467, 705 N.Y.S.2d 294; Busch v. Mastropierro, 258 A.D.2d 492, 684 N.Y.S.2d 632; Taormina v. Hibsher, 215 A.D.2d 549, 626 N.Y.S.2d 559). Here, the agreement at issue specifically provided that the seller made no express or implied representations or warranties as to the ownership or condition of the purchased assets.
The RKJ defendants' remaining contentions are without merit.
Motion by the appellant-respondent to strike Point I of the reply brief of the respondents-appellants on an appeal and cross appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Nassau County, dated January 9, 2014. By decision and order on motion of this Court dated January 21, 2015, the motion was held in abeyance and referred to the panel of Justices hearing the appeal and cross appeal for determination upon the argument or submission thereof.
Upon the papers filed in support of the motion, the papers filed in opposition thereto, and upon the argument of the appeal and cross appeal, it is
ORDERED that the motion is granted, Point I of the reply brief of the respondents-appellants is stricken, and that point has not been considered in the determination of the appeal and cross appeal.