Opinion
A02A1017.
DECIDED AUGUST 28, 2002
Slip and fall. Fulton State Court. Before Judge Cole.
Kevin C. Ford, for appellants.
Swift, Currie, McGhee Hiers, Charles B. Marsh, Sharon L. Neal, for appellees.
Jana and Christopher Lake appeal from the trial court's order granting summary judgment to the Fox Theater on their claim for damages. The Lakes filed suit after Jana Lake slipped and fell down the stairs while attending a performance at the theater. Because the trial court correctly held that Jana Lake's knowledge of any risk involved in walking down the stairs was at least equal to that of the Theater, we affirm.
Summary judgment is proper when the evidence, construed in the nonmovant's favor, shows no issue of material fact remains and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. OCGA § 9-11-56(c).
A defendant who will not bear the burden of proof at trial need not affirmatively disprove the nonmoving party's case; instead, the burden on the moving party may be discharged by pointing out by reference to the affidavits, depositions and other documents in the record that there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party's case. If the moving party discharges this burden, the nonmoving party cannot rest on its pleadings, but rather must point to specific evidence giving rise to a triable issue [of fact].
Lau's Corp. v. Haskins, 261 Ga. 491 ( 405 S.E.2d 474) (1991).
In this case, Jana Lake testified at her deposition that on the night of the accident, she and her husband went to an opera at the Fox Theater. Lake was approximately nine months pregnant at the time. When they entered the theater, they walked up the stairs to get to their seats. At intermission, they left their seats to walk down to the lobby. Lake said she walked down approximately twenty stairs to a landing, then walked down another ten stairs, holding the handrail with one hand and her husband's arm with the other. Lake said she recalled putting her foot on the first stair of the next flight, but could remember nothing else until she found herself at the bottom of the flight of steps. She said she had grasped the handrail and was holding on to her husband's arm, but had no explanation of how she came to fall. When asked, "do you have any idea what may have caused you to slip?" Lake replied, "No, I don't." Lake said that she would not have stepped down if she hadn't thought it was safe.
Lake later submitted an affidavit stating that inadequate illumination in the stairwell caused her to slip and fall. She also presented testimony from a lighting expert that the lighting in the theater failed to meet the recommended levels of illumination as set out by the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America.
A Fox employee testified that he remembered two prior slip and fall accidents in which lighting was an issue. He stated that the problem was not one of insufficient lighting, but rather of an inconsistent level of light from one level to the next. The problem was corrected and the employee stated that he was not aware of any falls on the level where Jana Lake fell nor of any complaints about the lighting or the stairs.
The trial court granted the Theater's motion for summary judgment, concluding that plaintiffs had not carried their burden because they had not shown that defendant had actual or constructive knowledge of any hazard nor that plaintiffs were ignorant of the danger. The court found no causal connection between any conduct by the defendant and Lake's injury. This appeal followed.
An owner or occupier of land is liable in damages to invitees who come upon the land for injuries occasioned by his failure to exercise ordinary care in keeping the premises safe. OCGA § 51-3-1. The invitee must prove (1) that the defendant had actual or constructive knowledge of the hazard, and (2) that the plaintiff lacked knowledge of the hazard despite the exercise of ordinary care due to actions or conditions within the control of the owner/occupier. Robinson v. Kroger Co., 268 Ga. 735 ( 493 S.E.2d 403) (1997).
In premises liability cases, proof of falling or slipping, without more, does not give rise to liability on the part of the property owner. Hallberg v. Flat Creek Animal Clinic, 225 Ga. App. 212, 215(2) ( 483 S.E.2d 671) (1997). Instead, a plaintiff may recover only if the property owner had knowledge of the condition and the plaintiff did not know about it. Hannah v. Hampton Auto Parts, 234 Ga. App. 392, 394 ( 506 S.E.2d 910) (1998). The true ground of liability is the defendant's superior knowledge about the existence of a condition that may subject the invitee to an unreasonable risk of injury. Pound v. Augusta Nat., 158 Ga. App. 166, 167-168 ( 279 S.E.2d 342) (1981). To fulfill the duty to inspect premises to keep them safe from defects including hidden defects, the law requires only the exercise of ordinary care, not extraordinary care. Armenise v. Adventist Health System/Sunbelt, 219 Ga. App. 591, 593 ( 466 S.E.2d 58) (1995).
Hansen v. Cooper, 253 Ga. App. 533, 535-536 ( 559 S.E.2d 740) (2002).
"Although the issue of a plaintiff's exercise of due diligence for her own safety is ordinarily a question for the jury, it may be summarily adjudicated where the plaintiff's knowledge of the risk is clear and palpable. Plaintiff is charged with knowledge of those defects which she had actually observed or which were so transparently obvious that her failure to observe them cannot reasonably be excused."
Brown v. Carlisle, 214 Ga. App. 483, 484 ( 448 S.E.2d 256) (1994) (citations and punctuation omitted).
In this case, although Jana Lake first stated at her deposition that she had no idea why she fell, she later submitted an affidavit stating that inadequate illumination in the stairwell caused her fall. But, it is well-settled that in order to recover, Lake must show that the theater had knowledge of a dangerous condition and she had none. She has not done so. Lake was aware of the amount of light in the theater. She had already walked upstairs to get to her seat and then walked down several more stairs before she fell. Moreover, if she thought it was too dark for her to walk down the stairs, it was incumbent upon her, as the trial court pointed out in its order, to inquire about alternatives.
Lake stated in her affidavit that she was unaware there was an elevator available.
Accordingly, because Lake has come forward with no evidence tending to show that she was not at least as aware as the defendant of any danger to her in walking down the stairs, the Lakes are unable to show that there are genuine issues of material fact as to all essential elements of their claim. Lau's, supra. Therefore, the trial court did not err in granting summary judgment to the Fox Theater.
Judgment affirmed. Phipps and Mikell, JJ., concur.