Opinion
File No. 8691.
Opinion filed May 15, 1945.
1. Negligence.
The comparative negligence statute is limited in its application to cases in which evidence warrants the inference that plaintiff was guilty of no more than slight contributory negligence. Laws 1941, c. 160.
2. Trial.
Where reasonable minds might draw different inferences or conclusions from facts proved or if there is a conflict in evidence, the matter at issue must be submitted to jury, but where it is a matter of declaring a standard of conduct or where undisputed facts are of such a nature that reasonable men could not differ as to whether exhibited conduct conforms to established conduct, the question is one of law for court.
3. Negligence.
Where evidence shows beyond a reasonable dispute that plaintiff's negligence is more than slight, trial court must instruct jury to return a verdict for defendant. Laws 1941, c. 160.
4. Appeal and Error.
On appeal from judgment for defendants notwithstanding the verdict, the evidence was required to be viewed in light most favorable to plaintiff.
5. Automobiles.
A motorist who was driving on a stop street was required to stop and to make, before and after entering intersection, observations and to adapt his movements to accord with his own safety.
6. Negligence.
Where evidence showed that plaintiff motorist who was traveling on stop street either did not look at all before entering intersection or that he did not do so effectively, plaintiff was guilty of more than "slight negligence" as a matter of law, under comparative negligence statute, so as to preclude his recovery for injuries sustained in collision with automobile traveling on through street. Laws 1941, c. 160.
Appeal from Circuit Court, Minnehaha County; Hon. Lucius J. Wall, Judge.
Action by E.W. Kundert against B.F. Goodirch Company and another for injuries sustained in automobile collision. From a judgment for defendant notwithstanding the verdict, the plaintiff appeals.
Affirmed.
Jerry Maher, of Sioux Falls, for Appellant.
Bailey, Voorhees, Wood Fuller, of Sioux Falls, for Respondent.
Plaintiff sustained injuries in an automobile collision occurring at a street intersection in Sioux Falls. The case was tried to a jury with the result that a verdict was returned in favor of plaintiff for $1,200. The court granted a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict. Judgment was thereupon entered and this appeal followed.
The accident occurred at the intersection of Tenth Street and Dakota Avenue in the forenoon of November 10, 1941, between 9 and 10 o'clock. Plaintiff was driving in a northerly direction on Dakota Avenue, a street 40 feet in width. At the same time an automobile driven by Hobart Albert, an employee of the defendant B.F. Goodrich Company, approached the intersection in a westerly direction on Tenth Street, which is 52 feet in width. Tenth Street is a through street and at the time of the accident was designated by appropriate signs. The day was clear and the drivers had a clear view of the intersection. Plaintiff testified that when he came to the intersection he stopped, looked both to the right and left, but did not see the car driven by Albert, and then proceeded through the intersection until the collision occurred. Albert testified that he was traveling at a speed of 25 miles per hour. Plaintiff, not having seen the car approaching on the intersecting street, testified that he did not know how fast it was being driven. Plaintiff's car was struck on the right rear side by the right front of the car driven by Albert, the collision occurring four or five feet south of the north line of the intersection.
It is urged by plaintiff that he was not guilty of negligence contributing to his injuries and that under the comparative negligence law (Ch. 160, Laws 1941) the question of contributory negligence was one of fact to be determined by the jury and not of law.
In Friese v. Gulbrandson, 69 S.D. 179, 8 N.W.2d 438, this court held that the comparative negligence statute is limited in its application to cases in which the evidence warrants the inference that plaintiff was guilty of no more than slight contributory negligence.
[2, 3] This court has often announced the rule to be that where reasonable minds might draw different inferences or conclusions from the facts proved or if there is a conflict in the evidence the matter at issue must be submitted to the jury, but where it is a matter of declaring a standard of conduct or where undisputed facts are of such a nature that reasonable men could not differ as to whether the exhibited conduct conforms to established conduct, the question is one of law for the court. Ulrickson v. Chicago, M. St. P. P. Ry. Co., 64 S.D. 476, 268 N.W. 369. Where the evidence shows beyond reasonable dispute that the negligence of plaintiff is more than slight, the trial court must then instruct the jury to return a verdict for the defendant. Sindelar v. T.B. Hord Grain Co., 116 Neb. 776, 219 N.W. 145; Whittaker v. Hanifin, 138 Neb. 18, 291 N.W. 723; Chew v. Coffin, Neb., 12 N.W.2d 839.
[4-6] The record presents a situation requiring the evidence to be viewed in the light most favorable to plaintiff. So viewing the evidence and assuming negligence on the part of Albert, we think that plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law. The car driven by Albert was on a through street and plaintiff was on a stop street. It was plaintiff's duty to stop and to make, before and after entering the intersection, observations and to adapt his movements to accord with his own safety. Jamison v. Gerth, 61 S.D. 514, 249 N.W. 921; Anderson v. Huntwork, 66 S.D. 411, 284 N.W. 775; McKiver v. Theo. Hamm Brewing Co., 67 S.D. 613, 297 N.W. 445. It is apparent that plaintiff did not look at all or that he did not do so effectively. The evidence clearly shows that he was guilty of more than slight negligence as a matter of law and, therefore, it was proper to sustain the motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict. To the same effect see Nelson v. Plautz, 130 Neb. 641, 265 N.W. 885; Whittaker v. Hanifin, supra; Klement v. Lindell, 139 Neb. 540, 541, 298 N.W. 137.
The judgment appealed from is affirmed.
SMITH, P.J., and RUDOLPH and SICKEL, JJ., concur.
POLLEY, J., not sitting.