Opinion
Decided April 26, 1935.
Negligence — Collision between approaching automobiles — Plaintiff on proper side of road, defendant on wrong side — Finding that plaintiff not contributorily negligent, not error, when — Section 12603, General Code — Requested special charge properly refused, when.
1. In an action to recover damages for personal injuries caused by the collision of automobiles operated by plaintiff and defendant, where the evidence shows that the cars approached each other and at the time of the collision the plaintiff was on the proper side of the road and the defendant on the wrong side, a finding by the jury that the negligence of the defendant was the proximate cause of the injuries to plaintiff and that plaintiff was not guilty of contributory negligence under the provisions of Section 12603, General Code, is not erroneous.
2. A requested special charge in a negligence action to the effect that if plaintiff be found guilty of negligence the verdict must be for the defendant, is properly refused since, to be effective as a defense, such alleged negligence of the plaintiff must have been the sole or a contributing cause of her injuries.
ERROR: Court of Appeals for Clinton county.
Messrs. Smith, Rogers Smith and Mr. Siegfried Geismar, for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Pulse Pulse, for defendant in error.
This cause comes into this court on error to the Court of Common Pleas of Clinton county, wherein judgment was rendered in favor of the plaintiff, Electa Roush, who sued to recover damages for personal injuries caused by the negligent operation of an automobile by the defendant below, Charles Kress, plaintiff in error in this court.
The plaintiff and defendant were operating automobiles approaching each other upon a country road. The defendant, Charles Kress, admittedly drove his automobile so that the left wheels were a short distance to the left of the center of the road and a ridge of gravel a few inches high which ran down the approximate center of the road. The defendant attempted to turn out to the right side of the road when the vehicle driven by the plaintiff was only a short distance away. The automobiles collided, resulting in the injuries claimed by the plaintiff. The plaintiff was on the proper side of the road and the defendant was on the wrong side of the road at the time of the collision. Neither vehicle was proceeding at an excessive rate of speed.
The plaintiff charges negligence in that the defendant failed to have his automobile under proper control; that the brakes on defendant's automobile were defective; that the automobile was being operated at an excessive speed, and that defendant drove it on the wrong side of the road.
The defendant alleged contributory negligence and relied principally upon the provisions of Section 12603, General Code, requiring that "no person shall drive any motor vehicle in and upon any public road or highway at a greater speed than will permit him to bring it to a stop within the assured clear distance ahead."
The contention of the defendant is that even if his automobile was upon the wrong or left side of the road, the plaintiff saw this and could have prevented the collision by bringing her automobile to a stop. The plaintiff, on the other hand, had a right to believe that the defendant would obey the law and drive his automobile over on the right side of the road before reaching the automobile of plaintiff. She cannot be presumed to know either that he would not, or could not, do this, as he claimed.
The picture of just what occurred was fully presented to the jury. The charge of the court was extremely fair in presenting to the jury the several rights of the parties. The jury was fully charged upon the law covered by the statute quoted, as follows:
"No person shall drive a motor vehicle in and upon any public road or highway at a greater speed than will permit him to bring it to a stop within the assured clear distance ahead. * * * There is another provision of the statute which says that no person shall drive any motor vehicle at a greater speed than will permit him to bring it to a stop within the assured clear distance ahead. This is a specific requirement of the law, a violation of which constitutes negligence per se, and if such negligence was the proximate cause of injury to another person who was without fault, that contributed in any degree to the injury, such other person can recover against the person so guilty of negligence. Therefore, in determining whether any driver was proceeding in a lawful manner this statute must be applied and you must consider the evidence as to the speed and manner of driving, and determine whether such driver was or was not driving at a speed that would enable him or her to stop within the assured clear distance ahead.
"The defendant in a separate defense, pleads that if plaintiff received any injuries in said collision, her own negligence contributed to produce them. This plea raises the question of contributory negligence on the part of the plaintiff, provided she received any injury in the collision. The burden is on the plaintiff to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that she was injured in said collision in one, or more, of the particulars set forth in her petition. If she has so shown that she was so injured, then, on the question whether she, by her own negligence, directly contributed to produce her said injuries, the burden is on the defendant to prove by a preponderance of the evidence that some act of negligence of the plaintiff did contribute to produce the collision."
The real question was what was the proximate cause of the injuries to plaintiff. The jury found that this was the negligence of the defendant, and that the plaintiff was not guilty of contributory negligence. We find no reason for disturbing the verdict upon this ground, or for the reason that the damages were excessive.
The defendant requested the following special charge, which was refused:
"No person shall drive any motor vehicle in and upon any public road or highway at a greater speed than will permit him to bring it to a stop within the assured distance ahead.
"If you therefore find from the evidence that the plaintiff Electa Roush at the time of the accident drove her automobile at a rate of speed greater than to permit her to bring it to a stop within the assured clear distance ahead, then she was herself guilty of negligence, and your verdict must be for the defendant Charles Kress."
The defect in this charge is in the addition of the last clauses of the charge "then she was herself guilty of negligence, and your verdict must be for the defendant Charles Kress." This completely ignores the requirement that in order to be effective as a defense her negligence must be the sole cause of her injuries or contributory negligence, that is a contributing cause to her own injuries. The court in the general charge, it will be noted, carefully avoided this error.
We find no error prejudicial to the plaintiff in error in the record, and the judgment is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
MATTHEWS and HAMILTON, JJ., concur.