Kenyon Warner, Applicant v. William Bolthouse Farms, permissibly self-insured, adjusted by Broadspire, Defendants

Full title: KENYON WARNER, Applicant v. WILLIAM BOLTHOUSE FARMS, permissibly…

Court: California Workers Compensation Decisions

Date published: Dec 1, 2021

Adjudication ADJ9082866 (Cal. W.C.A.B. Dec. 1, 2021)

Opinion

KENYON WARNER, Applicant v. WILLIAM BOLTHOUSE FARMS, permissibly self-insured, adjusted by BROADSPIRE, Defendants Adjudication No. ADJ9082866 California Workers Compensation Decisions Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board State of California December 1, 2021

         Bakersfield District Office

         OPINION AND ORDER DENYING PETITION FOR REMOVAL AND DISQUALIFICATION

          DEIDRA E. LOWE, COMMISSIONER

         We have considered the allegations of the Petition for Removal and Disqualification and the contents of the report of the workers’ compensation administrative law judge (WCJ) with respect thereto. Based on our review of the record and for the reasons discussed below, we will deny the Petition for Removal and Disqualification.

         Removal is an extraordinary remedy rarely exercised by the Appeals Board. (Cortez v. Workers’ Comp. Appeals Bd. (2006) 136 Cal.App.4th 596, 599, fn. 5 [71 Cal.Comp.Cases 155]; Kleemann v. Workers’ Comp. Appeals Bd. (2005) 127 Cal.App.4th 274, 280, fn. 2 [70 Cal.Comp.Cases 133].) The Appeals Board will grant removal only if the petitioner shows that substantial prejudice or irreparable harm will result if removal is not granted. (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 8, former § 10843(a), now § 10955(a) (eff. Jan. 1, 2020); see also Cortez, supra; Kleemann, supra.) Also, the petitioner must demonstrate that reconsideration will not be an adequate remedy if a final decision adverse to the petitioner ultimately issues. (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 8, former § 10843(a), now § 10955(a) (eff. Jan. 1, 2020).) Here, we are not persuaded that substantial prejudice or irreparable harm will result if removal is denied and/or that reconsideration will not be an adequate remedy if the matter ultimately proceeds to a final decision adverse to petitioner. Accordingly, we will deny the petition to the extent it seeks removal.

         To the extent the petition contends that the WCJ should be disqualified, Labor Code section 5311 provides that a party may seek to disqualify a WCJ upon any one or more of the grounds specified in Code of Civil Procedure section 641. (Lab. Code, § 5311; see also Code Civ. Proc., § 641.) Among the grounds for disqualification under section 641 are that the WCJ has “formed or expressed an unqualified opinion or belief as to the merits of the action” (Code Civ. Proc., § 641(f)) or that the WCJ has demonstrated “[t]he existence of a state of mind … evincing enmity against or bias toward either party” (Code Civ. Proc., § 641(g)).

         Under WCAB Rule 10960, proceedings to disqualify a WCJ “shall be initiated by the filing of a petition for disqualification supported by an affidavit or declaration under penalty of perjury stating in detail facts establishing one or more of the grounds for disqualification … .” (Cal. Code Regs., tit. 8, former § 10452, now § 10960 (eff. Jan. 1, 2020), italics added.) It has long been recognized that “[t]he allegations in a statement charging bias and prejudice of a judge must set forth specifically the facts on which the charge is predicated,” that “[a] statement containing nothing but conclusions and setting forth no facts constituting a ground for disqualification may be ignored,” and that “[w]here no facts are set forth in the statement there is no issue of fact to be determined.” (Mackie v. Dyer (1957) 154 Cal.App.2d 395, 399, italics added.)

         Furthermore, even if detailed and verified allegations of fact have been made, it is settled law that a WCJ is not subject to disqualification under section 641(f) if, prior to rendering a decision, the WCJ expresses an opinion regarding a legal or factual issue but the petitioner fails to show that this opinion is a fixed one that could not be changed upon the production of evidence and the presentation of arguments at or after further hearing. (Taylor v. Industrial Acc. Com. (Thomas) (1940) 38 Cal.App.2d 75, 79-80 [5 Cal.Comp.Cases 61].)¹ Additionally, even if the WCJ expresses an unqualified opinion on the merits, the WCJ is not subject to disqualification under section 641(f) if that opinion is “based upon the evidence then before [the WCJ] and upon the [WCJ’s] conception of the law as applied to such evidence.” (Id.; cf. Kreling v. Superior Court (1944) 25 Cal.2d 305, 312 [“It is [a judge’s] duty to consider and pass upon the evidence produced before him, and when the evidence is in conflict, to resolve that conflict in favor of the party whose evidence outweighs that of the opposing party.”].)

1 Overruled on other grounds in Lumbermen’s Mut. Cas. Co. v. Industrial Acc. Com. (Cacozza) (1946) 29 Cal.2d 492, 499 [11 Cal.Comp.Cases 289].

         Also, it is “well settled … that the expressions of opinion uttered by a judge, in what he conceives to be a discharge of his official duties, are not evidence of bias or prejudice” under section 641(g) (Kreling, supra, 25 Cal.2d at pp. 310-311; accord: Mackie, supra, 154 Cal.App.2d at p. 400) and that “[e]rroneous rulings against a litigant, even when numerous and continuous, form no ground for a charge of bias or prejudice, especially when they are subject to review” (McEwen v. Occidental Life Ins. Co. (1916) 172 Cal. 6, 11; accord: Mackie, supra, 154 Cal.App.2d at p. 400.) Similarly, “when the state of mind of the trial judge appears to be adverse to one of the parties but is based upon actual observance of the witnesses and the evidence given during the trial of an action, it does not amount to that prejudice against a litigant which disqualifies” the judge under section 641(g). (Kreling, supra, 25 Cal.2d at p. 312; see also Moulton Niguel Water Dist. v. Colombo (2003) 111 Cal.App.4th 1210, 1219 [“When making a ruling, a judge interprets the evidence, weighs credibility, and makes findings. In doing so, the judge necessarily makes and expresses determinations in favor of and against parties. How could it be otherwise? We will not hold that every statement a judge makes to explain his or her reasons for ruling against a party constitutes evidence of judicial bias.”].)

         Under no circumstances may a party’s unilateral and subjective perception of bias afford a basis for disqualification. (Haas v. County of San Bernardino (2002) 27 Cal.4th 1017, 1034; Robbins v. Sharp Healthcare (2006) 71 Cal.Comp.Cases 1291, 1310-1311 (Significant Panel Decision).)

         Finally, WCAB Rule 10960 provides that when the WCJ and “the grounds for disqualification” are known, a petition for disqualification “shall be filed not more than 10 days after service of notice of hearing or after grounds for disqualification are known.”

         Here, the petition for disqualification does not set forth facts, declared under penalty of perjury, that are sufficient to establish disqualification pursuant to Labor Code section 5311, WCAB Rule 10960, and Code of Civil Procedure section 641(f) and/or (g). Accordingly, we will deny the petition to the extent it seeks to disqualify the WCJ.

         For the foregoing reasons,

         IT IS ORDERED that applicant’s Petition for Removal and Disqualification is DENIED.

         WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD

         I CONCUR,

          MARGUERITE SWEENEY, COMMISSIONER, AMBER INGELS, DEPUTY COMMISSIONER

         SERVICE MADE ON THE ABOVE DATE ON THE PERSONS LISTED BELOW AT THEIR ADDRESSES SHOWN ON THE CURRENT OFFICIAL ADDRESS RECORD.

         ALVANDI LAW

         COLEMAN CHAVEZ & ASSOCIATES

         KENYON WARNER