Summary
In Kemp v. State, 270 Ark. 835, 606 S.W.2d 573 (1980), we held there are two terms of court for any one year period in the Jefferson County Circuit Court, one that begins in March and one that begins in October.
Summary of this case from Hayes v. StateOpinion
No. CR 80-155
Opinion delivered October 20, 1980 Rehearing denied November 17, 1980
1. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — SPEEDY TRIAL — COMPUTATION OF TERMS OF COURT WHICH EXPIRED BEFORE TRIAL. — Appellant's contention that four terms of court had expired before he was brought to trial and that he was therefore denied a speedy trial is without merit where his reasoning was that, while only two terms had actually expired, this was the equivalent of four terms since there were two divisions and two Judges in the county where he was charged. 2. COURTS — TERMS OF CIRCUIT COURT IN JEFFERSON COUNTY — NUMBER OF TERMS UNAFFECTED BY NUMBER OF JUDGES. — There are only two terms of court in Jefferson County in any one-year period — one term beginning in March and the other beginning in October — and the number of terms of court are unaffected by the number of judges in the county. [Ark. Stat. Ann. 22-310 (Repl. 1962).] 3. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — SPEEDY TRIAL, DETERMINATION OF WHAT CONSTITUTES. — The term of court during which a defendant is arrested is not counted for purposes of determining whether he was brought to trial before the end of the third full term of court, as required by Rule 28.1, A.R.Crim.P.; hence, where the third full term of court did not expire until October 6, 1980 and appellant's case was set for trial on April 21, 1980, there was no denial of a speedy trial under Rule 28. 4. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — RAPE SHIELD STATUTE — CONSTITUTIONALITY — The rape shield statute does not violate the accused's rights to confront the witnesses against him and his right to due process of law, but protects the prosecutrix from harassment and aids in crime prevention, which are legitimate state policies, and, therefore, the statute is constitutional. 5. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — RAPE SHIELD STATUTE — EVIDENCE EXCLUDED. — The rape shield statute only excludes evidence of prior sexual conduct of the victim, and appellant may testify at trial as to the actions of the prosecuting witness on the night of the alleged rape; also, the statute provides for an exception when the trial court determines at the pretrial hearing that the testimony of the victim's prior sexual conduct is relevant and its probative value outweighs its inflammatory or prejudicial nature. 6. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE — ADMISSION OF TESTIMONY CONCERNING PRIOR SEXUAL CONDUCT — NO ABUSE OF DISCRETION. — Weighing the inflammatory nature of evidence against the probative value lies within the sound judicial discretion of the trial court. Held: The trial court did not abuse its discretion in refusing to admit testimony of the defendant concerning the prosecutrix's prior sexual conduct.
Interlocutory appeal from Jefferson Circuit Court, Randall L. Williams, Judge; affirmed.
Holmes, Holmes Trafford, by: Winfred A. Trafford, for appellant.
Steve Clark, Att'y. Gen., by: Jack W. Dickerson, Asst. Att'y. Gen., for appellee.
Appellant, a 28 year old male, was charged by information with rape in violation of Ark. Stat. Ann. 41-1803 (Repl. 1977), and arrested on November 13, 1978. He was released on bond and entered a plea of not guilty, alleging consent as his defense to the charge. On April 11, 1980, ten days prior to the date set for trial, appellant filed a motion requesting a hearing on the relevancy of the alleged victim's prior sexual activities, and on April 14 filed another motion seeking an absolute dismissal of the charge claiming he had been denied his right to a speedy trial under Rule 28 of the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure. On the day set for hearing of the motions, appellant filed a third motion asking the trial court to rule that the rape shield statute, Ark. Stat. Ann. 41-1810.1, et seq, (Repl. 1977), was unconstitutional. The trial court held that appellant had not been denied a speedy trial, that the rape shield statutes were not unconstitutional, and that evidence of the prosecutrix's prior sexual activity would be inadmissible at trial. Appellant brings this interlocutory appeal from those rulings of the trial court made at a pretrial hearing. We agree with the ruling of the trial court on all three points.
Appellant's first contention involves his allegation that he has been denied his right to a speedy trial as provided in Rule 28 of the Arkansas Rules of Criminal Procedure. Rule 28.1 provides, in pertinent part:
(b) Any defendant charged with an offense in circuit court and held to bail, or otherwise lawfully set at liberty, shall be brought to trial before the end of the third full term of court . . .
The terms of court in Jefferson County are established by law as beginning on the first Monday in March and the first Monday in October of each year. Ark. Stat. Ann. 22-310 (Repl. 1962). The Eleventh Judicial District, of which Jefferson County is a part, was divided into two divisions by Act 194 of 1973. Appellant urges that our decisions in Harkness v. Harrison, 266 Ark. 59, 585 S.W.2d 10 (1979), and Alexander v. State, 268 Ark. 384, 598 S.W.2d 395 (1980), require the finding that four full terms of court have passed since his arrest and, thus, he has been denied a speedy trial. Appellant contends that, as there are two circuit judges in the district, for the purposes of Rule 28 there were two terms of court which began on March 5, 1979, and two terms which began on October 1, 1979. As appellant was not brought to trial during either of these terms, he contends four full terms have passed in violation of Rule 28.
Appellant's reasoning is erroneous. Neither Harkness nor Alexander authorizes the computation relied upon by appellant. Regardless of the number of judges, there are but two terms of court in Jefferson County in any one-year period — the one term that begins in March and the one that begins in October. We have previously held in Wade v. State, 264 Ark. 320, 571 S.W.2d 231 (1978) that the term during which a defendant is arrested is not counted for purposes of the rule. Therefore, the first term that is counted began March 5, 1979, the second term began October 1, 1979, and the third term began March 3, 1980. As the case was set for trial on April 21, 1980, and the third hill term of court did not end until October 6, 1980, there was no denial of a speedy trial under Rule 28.
Appellants other point for reversal is that the trial court erred in finding Ark. Stat. Ann. 41-1810.1, the rape shield statute, unconstitutional. We have addressed this argument on several occasions and consistently rejected it. Dorn v. State, 267 Ark. 365, 590 S.W.2d 297 (1979); Bobo v. State, 267 Ark. 1, 589 S.W.2d 5 (1979); Duncan v. State, 263 Ark. 242, 565 S.W.2d 1 (1978). In Dorn, supra, we noted, 267 Ark. at 368:
[T]he rape shield statute was a rational attempt by the Legislature to protect the prosecutrix from harassment that might arise if her prior sex life was disclosed in court. Another closely related justification for rape shield laws is that they will aid in crime prevention because victims, knowing that the statute protects them from the embarrassment of the introduction of evidence of previous sexual activity, will be encouraged to report rape offenses. In light of these legitimate state policies, it cannot be said that the disparate treatment of this statute is without a reasonable basis.
We have also rejected arguments that the statute violates the accused's right to confront the witnesses against him and his right to due process of law. Marion v. State, 267 Ark. 345, 590 S.W.2d 288 (1979). Accordingly, we affirm the trial court's ruling that Ark. Stat. Ann. 48-1810.1 is not unconstitutional.
The testimony offered by appellant at the pretrial hearing and held inadmissible by the court concerned his prior conversations with and sexual activities of the prosecuting witness. She had been the regular babysitter for the children of appellant and his wife for about two years when the alleged rape occurred. Appellant testified he had never had prior sexual intercourse with her, but that when he would take her home, they had "necked," she had put her hand on his penis, and he had rubbed her breasts. He also said she had told him of her affairs with two married men. The prosecuting witness was 16 years of age.
The testimony offered by appellant is clearly prohibited by 41-1810.1. The statute excludes "evidence of specific instances of the victim's prior sexual conduct with the defendant or any other person . . . through direct examination of any defense witness or through cross-examination of the victim or other prosecution witness." We consider the testimony of appellant to be testimony of a defense witness for purposes of this statute. We point out, however, that the rape shield statute only excludes evidence of prior sexual conduct of the victim, and that appellant may testify at trial as to the actions of the prosecuting witness on the night of the alleged rape.
It is true that Ark. Stat. Ann. 41-1810.2 provides for an exception to the statute just quoted when the trial court determines at the pretrial hearing that the testimony of the victim's prior sexual conduct is relevant and "its probative value outweighs its inflammatory or prejudicial nature." In Brown v. State, 264 Ark. 944, 581 S.W.2d 549 (1979), we reversed the trial court and held the defendant's testimony admissible when he testified that he and the prosecuting witness had previously been to bed together, that she recently invited him to her apartment, and when he went he found her in a scanty nightgown during the middle of the day. We think the testimony of appellant in the case now on appeal is substantially different from that offered in Brown. Weighing the inflammatory nature of evidence against the probative value lies within the sound judicial discretion of the trial court, and its action will not be disturbed on appeal in the absence of a clear showing of abuse of that discretion. Gruzen v. State, 267 Ark. 380, 591 S.W.2d 342 (1979). We find no such abuse in this case.
Affirmed.