668 P.2d at 1152. In Keen v. State, 626 S.W.2d 309 (Tex.Crim. 1981), an Austin, Texas, police officer obtained a search warrant for a residence outside the city limits. Officers from the county sheriff's office were present at the time the search warrant was executed.
It is a well-established rule that, under such circumstances, appellate courts are to apply the presumption that the trial judge disregarded any inadmissible evidence presented at trial. Keen v. State, 626 S.W.2d 309 (Tex.Cr.App. 1981); Ex parte LeBlanc, 615 S.W.2d 724 (Tex.Cr.App. 1981). Hattersley v. State, 487 S.W.2d 354 (Tex.Cr.App. 1972), cert. denied, 411 U.S. 932, 93 S.Ct. 1900, 36 L.Ed.2d 391 (1973); Larocca v. State, 479 S.W.2d 669 (Tex.Cr.App. 1972); Atkins v. State, 423 S.W.2d 579 (Tex.Cr.App. 1968); Milligan v. State, 170 Tex.Crim. 584, 343 S.W.2d 455 (1961); Arnold v. State, 161 Tex.Crim. 344, 277 S.W.2d 106 (1955).
" The Court of Criminal Appeals has already addressed this issue in Long v. State and Keen v. State, 626 S.W.2d 309 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981). In Long, a search warrant commanded the sheriff to enter and search the suspected place described in the affidavit.
Keen v. State, 626 S.W.2d 309, 314 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981) (and cases cited therein). Unfortunately, in so responding, the State misconceives appellant's argument.
Rather, a defendant "must bring a direct action through a quo warranto proceeding." Keen v. State, 626 S.W.2d 309, 311-312 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981); Archer v. State, 607 S.W.2d 539, 543-544 (Tex.Crim.App 1980). It is clear to us now, however, that the rule of Keen and Archer must be abandoned as unworkable.
The State also argues that a quo warranto proceeding is the only means to contest the appointment of a special judge. See Keen v. State, 626 S.W.2d 309, 311-12 (Tex.Crim.App. 1981); Archer v. State, 607 S.W.2d 539, 543-44 (Tex.Crim.App. 1980), cert. denied, 452 U.S. 908, 101 S.Ct. 3037, 69 L.Ed.2d 410 (1981). We disagree.
It is a well-settled rule of general acceptance that in a trial before the court, the presumption is entertained that the court as trier of fact disregarded any inadmissible evidence admitted at trial. See Morgan v. State, 692 S.W.2d 877 (Tex.Cr.App. 1985); Keen v. State, 626 S.W.2d 309 (Tex.Cr.App. 1981); Komurke v. State, 562 S.W.2d 230 (Tex.Cr.App. 1978); Hernandez v. State, 556 S.W.2d 337 (Tex.Cr.App. 1977); Larocca v. State, 479 S.W.2d 669 (Tex.Cr.App. 1972) and cases cited therein; Milligan v. State, 170 Tex.Crim. R., 343 S.W.2d 455 (1961); Arnold v. State, 161 Tex.Crim.
Hence, for example, came the rule that in a proceeding before the court it will be presumed, even in the face of a valid objection that is overruled, that the court ignored objectionable or incompetent evidence in its deliberations, so long as other evidence, properly admitted or not challenged, is sufficient to support its judgment. E.g., Keen v. State, 626 S.W.2d 309 (Tex.Cr.App. 1981); Arnold v. State, 161 Tex.Crim. 384, 277 S.W.2d 106 (1955). In Arnold, 277 S.W.2d at 107, the rule is stated:
The situation in the instant case is more closely akin to those cases which teach that an erroneous ruling on a motion to suppress will not vitiate a conviction where the evidence sought to be suppressed is not introduced and the conviction is supported by other evidence independently of that contested by the motion to suppress. Stiggers v. State, 506 S.W.2d 609, 611 (Tex.Cr.App. 1974) (on a plea of not guilty); Keen v. State, 626 S.W.2d 309, 314, 315 (Tex.Cr.App. 1982). In the instant case the appellant entered stipulations, both oral and written, which were to constitute the entire evidence before the court on his plea of not guilty. The stipulations were not artfully drafted to say the least.
When the prosecutor urged her to elaborate, she testified she couldn't remember whether he "rubbed on" her. Ultimately she testified, still on direct: "He didn't rub me. Just picked me up and touched me between my legs." Assuming all the extraneous acts of misconduct were inadmissible for purposes of prosecuting the instant offense, and entertaining the presumption that in a trial before the court the trial court does not consider inadmissible evidence in arriving at its judgment, see, e.g., Keen v. State, 626 S.W.2d 309 (Tex.Cr.App. 1981), we would be compelled to agree with the court of appeals that the evidence was insufficient for the trial court to convict. The circumstances surrounding the alleged act were not of themselves of such a character that the specific intent to arouse and gratify his sexual desire could be attributed to appellant beyond a reasonable doubt therefrom.