Opinion
06-09-2017
KAM CONSTRUCTION CORP., Plaintiff–Respondent, v. Michael J. BERGEY, Defendant, Tug Hill Environmental, LLC, and Tug Hill Construction, Inc., Defendants–Appellants.
Barclay Damon, LLP, Syracuse (Jon P. Devendorf of Counsel), for Defendants–Appellants. Hogan Willig, PLLC, Amherst (Stephen M. Cohen of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Respondent.
Barclay Damon, LLP, Syracuse (Jon P. Devendorf of Counsel), for Defendants–Appellants.
Hogan Willig, PLLC, Amherst (Stephen M. Cohen of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Respondent.
PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., CENTRA, LINDLEY, TROUTMAN, AND SCUDDER, JJ.
Memorandum:
Plaintiff commenced this action alleging, inter alia, that defendant Michael J. Bergey breached a 2008 clay mining contract with plaintiff and that defendants Tug Hill Environmental, LLC and Tug Hill Construction, Inc. (collectively, Tug Hill defendants) intentionally interfered with that contract and intentionally interfered with plaintiff's "prospective economic advantage." We conclude that Supreme Court erred in denying the motion of the Tug Hill defendants for summary judgment dismissing the complaint against them.
"Tortious interference with contract requires the existence of a valid contract between the plaintiff and a third party, defendant's knowledge of that contract, defendant's intentional procurement of the third-party's breach of the contract without justification, actual breach of the contract, and damages resulting therefrom" (Lama Holding Co. v. Smith Barney, 88 N.Y.2d 413, 424, 646 N.Y.S.2d 76, 668 N.E.2d 1370 ; see White Plains Coat & Apron Co., Inc. v. Cintas Corp., 8 N.Y.3d 422, 426, 835 N.Y.S.2d 530, 867 N.E.2d 381 ; Weaver v. Town of Rush, 1 A.D.3d 920, 924, 768 N.Y.S.2d 58 ). Furthermore, "it must be proven, among other things, that the contract would not have been breached but for the defendant's conduct" (Lana & Samer v. Goldfine, 7 A.D.3d 300, 301, 776 N.Y.S.2d 66 ; see Kansas State Bank of Manhattan v. Harrisville Volunteer Fire Dept., Inc., 66 A.D.3d 1409, 1411, 886 N.Y.S.2d 278 ). Even assuming, arguendo, that there are triable issues of fact concerning the existence of a valid contract between plaintiff and Bergey, and the Tug Hill defendants' actual knowledge of that contract, we conclude that the Tug Hill defendants established as a matter of law that they did not intentionally procure the breach of that contract. The Tug Hill defendants submitted evidence establishing that Bergey's decision to sell the property involved in the clay mining contract was made "prior to any involvement by" them (Cantor Fitzgerald Assoc. v. Tradition N. Am., 299 A.D.2d 204, 204, 749 N.Y.S.2d 249, lv. denied 99 N.Y.2d 508, 757 N.Y.S.2d 819, 787 N.E.2d 1165 ; see Pyramid Brokerage Co. v. Citibank [N.Y. State], 145 A.D.2d 912, 913, 536 N.Y.S.2d 294 ), and "plaintiff failed to proffer any evidence, in response to the [Tug Hill] defendant[s'] prima facie showing, that [they] intentionally procured a breach of the contract" (Whitman Realty Group, Inc. v. Galano, 41 A.D.3d 590, 593, 838 N.Y.S.2d 585 ).
We further conclude that the Tug Hill defendants were entitled to summary judgment dismissing the cause of action for intentional interference with prospective economic advantage. To prevail on such a cause of action, a plaintiff must show "that the action complained of was motivated solely by malice or to inflict injury by unlawful means rather than by self-interest or other economic considerations" (Matter of Entertainment Partners Group v. Davis, 198 A.D.2d 63, 64, 603 N.Y.S.2d 439 ; see Advanced Global Tech., LLC v. Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc., 44 A.D.3d 317, 318, 843 N.Y.S.2d 220 ). Here, the Tug Hill defendants established that they were motivated by " ‘normal economic self-interest’ " (Radon Corp. of Am., Inc. v. National Radon Safety Bd., 125 A.D.3d 1537, 1538, 4 N.Y.S.3d 440, quoting Carvel Corp.
v. Noonan, 3 N.Y.3d 182, 190, 785 N.Y.S.2d 359, 818 N.E.2d 1100 ), and plaintiff failed to submit any evidence to the contrary (see generally Zuckerman v. City of New York, 49 N.Y.2d 557, 562, 427 N.Y.S.2d 595, 404 N.E.2d 718 ).
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law without costs, the motion of defendants Tug Hill Environmental, LLC and Tug Hill Construction, Inc. is granted and the complaint against them is dismissed.