Summary
In Jolly v. City of St Clair, 428 Mich. 860; 400 N.W.2d 597 (1987), this Court held that a person injured on a slide that was located in a public municipal park and that was not immediately adjacent to or part of any public building did not come within the public building exception.
Summary of this case from Horace v. City of PontiacOpinion
Docket No. 84384.
Decided August 5, 1986. Leave to appeal applied for.
J. Thomas McGovern, for plaintiffs.
William V. Wendt, for the City of St. Clair.
Defendant City of St. Clair appeals by leave granted the circuit court order denying its motion for summary judgment in which defendant city claimed that it was immune from liability under MCL 691.1407; MSA 3.996(107).
Robert J. Jolly, Jr., was injured when he fell from the steps of a children's slide located in a park owned and operated by the defendant city. Plaintiffs filed a complaint, alleging that defendant city had failed to maintain the premises and equipment in a safe condition and that defendant city had failed to adequately supervise the use of the playground equipment.
Defendant city's first motion for summary judgment, based on governmental immunity, was denied without prejudice pending publication of Ross v Consumers Power Co (On Rehearing), 420 Mich. 567; 363 N.W.2d 641 (1984). Following the publication of Ross, defendant city filed a second motion for summary judgment, arguing that plaintiffs' claim was barred by governmental immunity and, therefore, plaintiffs had failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. GCR 1963, 117.2(1), now MCR 2.116(C)(8). In its opinion, the circuit court held that the children's slide was within the public buildings exception to governmental immunity, MCL 691.1406; MSA 3.996(106), and denied defendant city's motion. This Court granted defendant city's motion for leave to appeal in order to determine whether a slide on a city playground falls within the public buildings exception of the governmental immunity statute.
Save for a few statutorily defined exceptions, governmental agencies which are engaged in a governmental function are immune from tort liability. MCL 691.1407; MSA 3.996(107).
The public buildings exception, MCL 691.1406; MSA 3.996(106), upon which plaintiffs rely, provides in relevant part:
Governmental agencies have the obligation to repair and maintain public buildings under their control when open for use by members of the public. Governmental agencies are liable for bodily injury and property damage resulting from a dangerous or defective condition of a public building if the governmental agency had actual or constructive knowledge of the defect and, for a reasonable time after acquiring knowledge, failed to remedy the condition or to take action reasonably necessary to protect the public against the condition.
In applying the public buildings exception to the present case, both the court and plaintiffs placed considerable reliance on Pichette v Manistique Public Schools, 403 Mich. 268; 269 N.W.2d 143 (1978). In that case, the plaintiff was injured when he was using a slide in the defendant's schoolyard. School was not in session and the slide, which was adjacent, but not attached to the building, was completely accessible to the public. Five justices agreed that the public buildings exception was applicable. The Court rejected a narrow construction of the exception which would have limited its application to injuries sustained from defective conditions inside a building rather than on the building's premises. Justice FITZGERALD explained the Court's decision as follows:
We believe that in providing for the three exceptions to the general grant of immunity contained in MCL 691.1407; MSA 3.996(107), the Legislature intended to protect the general public from injury by imposing upon governmental agencies the duty to maintain safe public places, whether such places are public highways or public buildings. [ 403 Mich. 285.]
In reliance on Pichette, a panel of this Court applied the public building exception to a ladder in a city-owned swimming pool. Schmit v Detroit, 88 Mich. App. 22; 276 N.W.2d 506 (1979). The Court in Schmit reasoned that since the pool and its ladder was "just as much a public place as was the playground and slide in Pichette," the public building exception was equally applicable. 88 Mich. App. 24. In Vargo v Svitchan, 100 Mich. App. 809, 821; 301 N.W.2d 1 (1980), another panel of this Court, after surveying recent developments in the public building exception, summarized the factors governing the exception's application as "whether the injury occurred in a `public place' and whether that public place was fit for its assigned and intended use."
We agree that the public buildings exception, as interpreted by Pichette and subsequent cases, reflects a broad legislative intent to promote safe public places independent of the presence of a building, as that term has been traditionally defined. This intent is best effectuated by applying the exception to the present case. The court's inquiry should not be on whether the public place housed a building, but rather on whether the injury occurred on a place open and intended for use by the public. Since the playground and its slide are just as much a public place as was the playground in Pichette, plaintiffs herein are entitled to the same protections as were afforded the plaintiff in that case. We conclude that governmental immunity is not a defense and that the trial court was correct in denying defendant city's motion.
Affirmed.