The standard for proving selective prosecution claims against prosecutors also applies to selective enforcement claims against police officers when a plaintiff alleges an officer made an enforcement decision on the basis of race. Johnson v. Holmes, 782 Fed.Appx. 269, 276-77 (4th Cir. 2019) (holding Equal Protection Clause prohibits police officers “from selectively enforcing laws based on race”) (citing Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 813 (1996));
See Whren v. United States, 517 U.S. 806, 813 (1996). To prevail on a selective enforcement claim, a plaintiff ultimately “must prove that [Defendants'] conduct (1) was motivated by a discriminatory intent; and (2) had a discriminatory effect.” Johnson v. Holmes, 782 Fed.Appx. 269, 276-77 (4th Cir. 2019) (citing United States v. Armstrong, 517 U.S. 456, 465 (1996); Cent. Radio Co. v. City of Norfolk, 811 F.3d 625, 634-35 (4th Cir. 2016)). “[A] plaintiff must plead sufficient facts to ‘demonstrate that he has been treated differently from others with whom he is similarly situated and that the unequal treatment was the result of intentional or purposeful discrimination.'” Green v. Maroules, 211 Fed.Appx. 159, 162 (4th Cir. 2006) (quoting Williams v. Hansen, 326 F.3d 569, 576 (4th Cir. 2003)).