Summary
awarding minimum statutory damages of $250.00 where only three patrons were present in a restaurant with a capacity of 80 people
Summary of this case from G&G Closed Circuit Events, LLC v. GonzalesOpinion
Case No.: 5:10-CV-05580 EJD.
September 30, 2011
ORDER GRANTING MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT
Plaintiff Joe Hand Promotions, Inc. ("Plaintiff") moves for entry of default judgment in the amount of $111,100.00 against Defendant Aldo Jimenez Juarez, individually and d/b/a Aldo's Mexican Sports Restaurant ("Defendant"). Plaintiff seeks damages stemming from Defendant's alleged violation of 47 U.S.C. § 605(a) and conversion of Plaintiff's property. The court has considered the moving papers and the oral argument of Plaintiff's counsel presented at the hearing on September 23, 2011. For the reasons discussed below, the motion will be GRANTED.
I. BACKGROUND
A. Procedural history
Plaintiff filed the instant action on December 9, 2010. After Defendant was served with process and failed to respond (Docket No. 16) Plaintiff moved for entry of default and served the motion by mail. (Docket No. 19). The clerk entered default on June 9, 2011. (Docket No. 24). Plaintiff moved for default judgment on June 27, 2011, and has provided proof of service indicating that a copy of the notice and application for default judgment were mailed to Defendant. (Docket No. 25). Defendant did not appear at the hearing.
B. Factual history
Plaintiff is a distributor of sports and entertainment programming. It purchased the rights to broadcast a December 12, 2009 fight between BJ Penn and Diego Sanchez, together with undercard bouts, televised replay, and color commentary (collectively, the "Program"). It then entered into sublicenses with third parties such as casinos, bars, and social clubs, allowing the sublicensees to exhibit the Program to their patrons. The Program was broadcast in interstate commerce by means of an encrypted transmission, and only Plaintiff's sublicensees were entitled to decrypt that transmission.
On the day of the broadcast, Nathan Tate ("Tate"), an investigator hired by Plaintiff, observed an exhibition of the Program in Aldo's Mexican Sports Restaurant. Defendant was not a sublicensee entitled to exhibit the Program. Tate entered the premises without paying a cover charge and observed the Program on two televisions. (Decl. of Affiant at 2.) Between 8:20 p.m. and 8:35 p.m., he performed three headcounts, noting the presence of three, three, and three people by each respective count. (Id. at 2-3). The declaration indicates the capacity of Aldo's Mexican Sports Restaurant as eighty and that Tate did observe a cable box and not a satellite dish. (Id. at 2).
II. DISCUSSION
Plaintiff seeks $10,000 in statutory damages pursuant to 47 U.S.C. § 605(e)(3)(C)(i)(II), $100,000 in enhanced damages pursuant to 47 U.S.C. § 605(e)(3)(C)(ii), and $1,100 in damages for conversion. Plaintiff also alleges that Defendant has violated 47 U.S.C. § 553(a), which provides for statutory damages pursuant to subsection (c)(3)(A)(ii) and enhanced damages pursuant to subsection (c)(3)(B).
A. Whether to apply 47 U.S.C. § 605 or 47 U.S.C § 553
"[U]pon default the factual allegations of the complaint, except those relating to the amount of damages, will be taken as true." Geddes v. United Fin. Group, 559 F.2d 557, 560 (9th Cir. 1977) (citing Pope v. United States, 323 U.S. 1 (1944); Flaks v. Koegel, 504 F.2d 702, 707 (2d Cir. 1974)). Plaintiff seeks damages pursuant to § 605, which "requires proof that a defendant has `(1) intercepted or aided the interception of, and (2) divulged or published, or aided the divulging or publishing of, a communication transmitted by the plaintiff.'" California Satellite Systems v. Seimon, 767 F.2d 1364, 1366 (9th Cir. 1985) (citing National Subscription Television v. S H TV, 644 F.2d 820, 826 (9th Cir. 1981)). Plaintiff alleges in its complaint that it transmitted the Program, that Defendant unlawfully intercepted the Program, and that Defendant exhibited the Program. (Compl. ¶¶ 9-13).
However, § 605 applies only to intercepted "radio" communications or broadcasts through the air, such as satellite broadcasts. J J Sports Productions, Inc. v. Man Thi Doan, No. C-08-00324 RMW, 2008 WL 4911223, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Nov. 13, 2008) (citing United States v. Norris, 88 F.3d 462 (7th Cir. 1996)). The pleadings do not allege that Defendant intercepted a satellite broadcast, and Tate does not state that he observed a satellite dish at Aldo's Mexican Sports Restaurant. (Decl. of Affiant). Plaintiff contends that it has been unable to ascertain whether Defendant utilized a satellite dish only because Defendant has refused to answer and appear in the instant case. Nonetheless, the Court may not enter default judgment if the factual allegations in the pleadings are insufficient to establish liability.
However, the complaint also asserts a claim under 47 U.S.C. § 553, which "prohibits a person from `intercept[ing] or receiv[ing] or assist[ing] in intercepting or receiving any communications service offered over a cable system.'" Man Thi Doan, 2008 WL 4911223 at *2 (quoting 47 U.S.C. § 553(a)(1)) (alterations in the original). Tate does state that he observed a cable box. (Decl. of Affiant). Accordingly, Plaintiff's allegations are sufficient for present purposes to establish Defendant's liability under § 553(a)(1).
1. Statutory damages pursuant to 47 U.S.C. § 553(c)(3)(A)(ii)
An aggrieved party may recover either actual damages pursuant to § 553(c)(3)(A)(i) or statutory damages pursuant to § 553(c)(3)(A)(ii). A court may award statutory damages of "not less than $250 or more than $10,000 as the court considers just." 47 U.S.C. § 553(c)(3)(A)(ii). While the violation in the instant case does not appear to be particularly egregious, Plaintiff requests the statutory maximum. Plaintiff contends that the maximum award against Defendant is necessary to deter future violations.
Plaintiff has presented evidence of the capacity of the establishment as eighty. The establishment served three persons during each of Tate's headcounts, and the Program was shown on only two televisions. These factors suggest that maximum damages are unwarranted. The Court finds that an award of $250 is sufficient under the circumstances.
2. Enhanced damages pursuant to 47 U.S.C. § 553(c)(3)(B) 47 U.S.C. § 553(c)(3)(B) provides that in the case of a willful violation for purposes of commercial advantage or private gain, "the court in its discretion may increase the award of damages . . . by an amount of not more than $50,000." Plaintiff alleges that Defendants' interception of the program was willful and for purposes of commercial advantage or private gain. (Compl. ¶ 13). Facts alleged in the pleadings are binding upon the defaulting party. Geddes, 559 F.2d at 560.
However, while Aldo's Mexican Sports Restaurant is a commercial establishment, it is not at all clear that it is "a business where certain events, such as boxing matches, would be shown to the public." American Cablevision of Queens v. McGinn, 817 F. Supp. 317, 320 (E.D.N.Y. 1993). In light of the fact that Tate observed only three people present, the Program was shown on only two televisions, and there was no cover charge, the Court concludes that this is not an appropriate situation for the Court to exercise its discretionary authority to impose enhanced damages.
B. Damages for conversion
As a result of Defendant's default, the facts alleged in the pleadings are sufficient to establish that Defendant wrongfully denied Plaintiff ownership of the right to control the exhibition the Program and therefore are sufficient to establish that Defendant is liable for the tort of conversion. See Culp v. Signal Van Storage, 298 P.2d 162, 142 Cal. App. 2d Supp. 859, 862 (Cal. App. Dep't Super. Ct. 1956). Pursuant to Cal. Civ. Code § 3336, Defendant is liable for the value of the property at the time of the conversion. Accordingly, Plaintiff is entitled to recover the sublicensing fee of $1,100.
III. CONCLUSION
Plaintiff's motion is granted. Plaintiff shall recover $250 in statutory damages pursuant to 47 U.S.C. § 553(c)(3)(A)(ii) and $1,100 pursuant to Cal. Civ. Code § 3336.IT IS SO ORDERED.