Opinion
[No. 285, September Term, 1957.]
Decided July 2, 1958.
APPEAL — Records In Other Cases, Taking Notice Of. On appeal, the Court may take notice of the record in other cases that have been before it. p. 463
EMINENT DOMAIN — Power Company's Right To Condemn — Failure To Put Right Of Condemnation In Issue And Statements Of Counsel At Pre-Trial Conference And Trial Of Companion Case Held To Constitute Waiver Of Proof Of. In this condemnation case, the trial judge, at a pre-trial conference, stated that her notes of a previous conference indicated that defendants' counsel had stipulated that the plaintiff, an electric power company, had the right of eminent domain. When counsel replied that he thought he had not made this concession, the trial judge told him that if she were mistaken he would have an opportunity to make an issue of that point. In the ensuing colloquy, defendant's counsel went to the point of whether the plaintiff had to prove the necessity of taking a fee rather than an easement but did not question the plaintiff's right of eminent domain. At the trial of a companion case, in which the landowners were represented by the same counsel who represented defendants in the instant case, the trial judge stated: "In the Jeweler case [the instant case] there is no question as to the right to condemn * * *", to which counsel for the electric company, with the acquiescence of defendants' counsel, replied that in the instant case defendants' counsel questioned the necessity but not the corporate power to condemn. The Court held that the electric company's right of eminent domain had been conceded and the necessity of proving the right waived by defendants, and that their motion for a directed verdict, based in part upon a failure to show compliance with any statute or law authorizing the plaintiff to condemn, was properly denied. The Court noted that in the companion case, the landowners amended their answer to the condemnation petition to deny specifically the plaintiff's right of eminent domain, but in the instant case, although represented by the same counsel, defendants failed to so amend their answer or otherwise act upon the trial judge's invitation to put the matter in issue. Such a waiver was not without the contemplation of Code (1957), Art. 33A, § 3, which provides that for failure to make a timely answer, a defendant shall be regarded as in default so far as the right of condemnation is concerned. pp. 462-464
EMINENT DOMAIN — Evidence Held Sufficient To Show That Agents Of Electric Power Company Had Corporate Authority To Institute Condemnation Proceedings. In this condemnation case, the plaintiff, an electric power company, showed that its planning division, which makes studies of the necessity for expanding its system, determined that the proposed expansion project was necessary; that there would be a future need for additional electricity which the plaintiff must provide; that after details of a proposed expansion are worked out and the route of transmission and the lands needed were designated, the entire proposal "is submitted to the senior vice president, who in turn submits it to the board of directors for final approval." The senior vice president signed the condemnation petition and there was evidence, subsequently produced, of explicit ratification of what had been done in resolutions of the plaintiff's board of directors. The Court held that there was no substance to the landowner's contention that the plaintiff's agents who instituted the proceedings failed to prove proper corporate authorization for so doing or the necessity of condemning defendants' lands and of taking a fee rather than an easement. The whole project was clearly shown to have been one decided upon and initiated by the corporation, and in filing the petition, its officials had acted in accordance with its procedures and with authority. pp. 464-465
PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION — Permission By, To Construct Facilities Requiring Acquisition Of Land By Eminent Domain — Code (1957), Art. 78, § 24(a), Does Not Require Power Company, Authorized By Commission To Exercise Franchise Acquired From Another Company, To Obtain. Where the Public Service Commission had authorized plaintiff, an electric power company, to exercise in Montgomery County all franchise rights which plaintiff had acquired from another power company, those rights included that of eminent domain for the construction of transmission lines, and there was no merit to defendants' contention, in this condemnation case, that plaintiff had not obtained the Commission's permission to construct the proposed facilities for which defendants' land was being taken. Defendants relied upon Code (1957), Art. 78, § 24(a), which provides that no public service company shall exercise any franchise except to the extent authorized by the Commission, but this section has reference only to the exercise of a franchise, not previously exercised, to use the streets or roads of a political subdivision for its lines. p. 465
APPEAL — Alleged Errors In Inquisition And Trial Court's Instruction In Condemnation Case, Not Open To Consideration On Appeal — Objections Not Timely Made — Maryland Rules 560 b, 554 a, 554 d, 554 e. Objections by the defendants to the inquisition in this condemnation case were held to be not open to consideration on appeal, under Maryland Rules 560 b, 554 a, 554 d, and 554 e. The defendants challenged the right and propriety of the plaintiff to condemn a fee while at the same time giving back certain rights to the landowners, and to condemn an easement for cutting and trimming trees. The trial court instructed the jury to allow full value for both takings without taking into account, in appraising the damages, the fact that the landowners would be allowed certain uses of the land after the taking, and the amount of the verdict left no doubt that the jury followed those instructions. In any event, the defendants made no objection to the charge. Other objections to the inquisition as not showing (1) that the lands were being taken for public use, and (2) the purposes for which the land was being condemned, were made for the first time some five months after the inquisition and, like the alleged defects in the charge, could not be considered on appeal, under the rules. pp. 465-466
EMINENT DOMAIN — Trial Court Deciding Preliminarily, As Matter Of Law, That Plaintiff Had A Right To Take Fee Rather Than Easement, Held Not To Be Error. In this condemnation case, it was held that there was no error on the part of the trial court in deciding preliminarily, as a question of law that the plaintiff had a right to take a fee rather than an easement. Furthermore, the testimony left no doubt that the plaintiff proved the necessity for taking the fee, so that the assignment of alleged error on this point was of no help to the defendants. p. 466
T.G.B.
Decided July 2, 1958.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Montgomery County (LAWLOR, J.).
Condemnation proceeding by Potomac Electric Power Company against William Jeweler and Mary T. Jeweler. From a judgment on a jury's inquisition, the defendants appeal.
Judgment affirmed, with costs.
The cause was argued before BRUNE, C.J., and HENDERSON, HAMMOND, PRESCOTT and HORNEY, JJ.
Herbert M. Brune, and R. Edwin Brown, with whom was John E. Oxley on the brief, for the appellants.
Richard W. Emory, with whom were William J. McCarthy, James H. Pugh and Venable, Baetjer Howard on the brief, for the appellee.
This appeal from a judgment on a jury's inquisition in a condemnation case was argued with that in Potomac Electric Power Company v. Birkett, 217 Md. 476, recently decided, and presents different aspects of some of the points there decided. Appellants in this case argue that the Potomac Electric Power Company (Pepco) did not establish proof of its right of eminent domain in Maryland, did not show proper corporate authority to institute the condemnation proceedings or to take a fee simple title to the land sought to be condemned, did not show approval of the Public Service Commission for the extension of its lines, as well as that the form of inquisition was improper and the trial court erred in deciding as a preliminary matter that Pepco was justified in taking a fee rather than an easement.
Pepco replies that its right to condemn land in Maryland was conceded and the requirement that it be shown was waived and that the other objections of appellants are captious and unsubstantial.
When we decided in the Birkett case that Pepco had the right of eminent domain in Maryland and that it was proper for the court to decide questions of law in condemnation cases in advance of trial, the heart was cut out of appellants' defense to Pepco's taking of their lands in this case. The verdict of the jury was substantially in excess of the highest estimate the experts put on the land taken, and appellants do not claim that the amount of the award was too low. Their quarrel is with the right to take the land at all, and, if the taking is inevitable, that a fee rather than an easement was condemned. Pepco's petition to condemn alleges that it was "authorized by law to acquire by purchase or condemnation property or rights necessary for use in connection with the transmitting or selling of electricity * * *." Appellants answered that they "neither admit nor deny" those allegations and called for "strict proof thereof." Pepco says that under Maryland Rule 372 b, appellants' failure to deny the right to condemn makes the averment of that right deemed "to be admitted." The landowners say that the rule applies only to equity and that condemnation proceedings are subject to the rules governing actions at law under Code, 1957, Art. 33A, § 4. We find it unnecessary to decide the point. The failure to deny the right of condemnation is significant as indicating that appellants had no real doubt that Pepco had the power of eminent domain. More important, we find the record to show that appellants did in fact waive proof of this right of Pepco. That such a waiver was not without the contemplation of the condemnation article at the time the case came to issue is shown by the provision of Sec. 3 of Art. 33A, as the section then read, that upon failure to make timely answer a defendant "shall be regarded as in default, so far as the right of condemnation is concerned."
In the case before us a pre-trial conference was held on June 4 and another on June 7. At the second conference, Judge Lawlor told counsel for appellants that her notes showed that he had stipulated at the June 4th meeting that Pepco had the right of eminent domain in Maryland. When the reply indicated that he thought he had not made this concession, Judge Lawlor told him several times that if she were mistaken, he would have an opportunity to make an issue of the point. The ensuing colloquy makes it clear that appellants' counsel did not question the fact that Pepco had the right of eminent domain but rather went to the point of whether it must prove the necessity of condemning the land in question and the necessity of taking a fee rather than an easement. The conference of June 7 was called to decide, or to arrange for decision of, the latter question. The record in the Birkett case shows that when Judge Anderson said that: "In the Jeweler case there is no question as to the right to condemn * * *", counsel for Pepco, in the presence, and with the acquiescence, of counsel for appellants in this case, replied: "No, your Honor, in the Jeweler case Mr. Brown said he did not question our power to condemn; he questioned the necessity but not the corporate power." (We may take notice of the record in other cases that have been before us. Snodgrass v. Stubbs, 192 Md. 287; Fletcher v. Flournoy, 198 Md. 53, 60-61.) Subsequently, in the Birkett case the landowners, by the same lawyer who represented appellants, amended their answers to deny specifically the corporation's right to condemn. We find confirmation of our conclusion that the point was waived in the present case in the failure of the landowners to so amend or otherwise to act on Judge Lawlor's invitation to put the matter in issue, if they so desired.
Appellants moved for a directed verdict at the close of Pepco's case and at the close of the whole case, in part on the ground that Pepco "has failed to show any compliance with any statute or law of the State of Maryland authorizing it to condemn * * *." Judge Lawlor denied the motions, we think properly, because Pepco's right of eminent domain in Maryland had been conceded and the necessity of proving it waived by appellants.
There is no substance to the landowners' contention that the agents of Pepco, who instituted and prosecuted the case against them, did not prove proper corporate authorization for so doing or the necessity of condemning their lands and of taking a fee rather than an easement. Pepco showed that its planning division makes studies of the necessity for expanding its system; that its decision was that the project here involved was necessary; that there was substantial support for this decision in testimony that much additional electric power would be needed in the years ahead for the utility and convenience of the public in Washington and surrounding areas; and that Pepco must provide that additional electricity; that after the details of a proposed expansion are worked out by the engineering department and the route of transmission and the lands needed are designated by the real estate department, the whole proposal "is submitted to the senior vice-president, who in turn submits it to the board of directors for final approval." The petition for condemnation was signed by the senior vice-president. In Realty Improvement Co. v. Consol. Gas Electric Lt. Power Co., 156 Md. 581, 586 the Court rejected arguments similar to those made by the appellants here, saying: "As to the third ground, a lack of authority from the condemning corporation itself to its officers who initiated the proceedings, assuming that the landowner can make an objection on that ground, the bylaws of the corporation, introduced in evidence, give sufficiently broad power for this to the president of the corporation, and the record contains a subsequent express ratification of this particular condemnation proceeding in a resolution of the executive committee of the corporation. And the whole project is clearly shown to have been one decided upon and initiated by the corporation. There is no basis for a finding of lack of authorization of the company's agents and attorneys." We think the quoted language is applicable here, and, as in the case cited, Pepco subsequently introduced evidence of explicit ratification of what had been done in resolutions of its board of directors authorizing condemnation of the Jeweler property, in order to make it abundantly clear that its officials, in filing the petition, had acted in accordance with its procedures and with authority.
The argument that the appellee had not obtained permission from the Public Service Commission to construct the proposed transmission facilities for which appellants' land is needed, is not seriously pressed. The only statutory provision relied on is Code, 1957, Art. 78, § 24(a), providing that "Hereafter, no public service company shall exercise any franchise granted by law except to the extent authorized by the Commission." That this section has reference only to the exercise of a franchise, not previously exercised, to use the streets or roads of a political subdivision for its lines, is indicated by subsection (d) of Sec. 24, which says that no authority shall be granted under subsection (a) "unless the company * * * has received the required consent of the proper local authorities * * *", the reference presumably being to the local consents required by Code, 1957, Art. 23, Secs. 166 and 167. In any event, as was noted in the Birkett case, the Public Service Commission in 1953 authorized Pepco to exercise in Montgomery County all franchise rights it had obtained from the Great Falls Power Company, and those rights included that of eminent domain for the construction of transmission lines.
Appellants' attack on the inquisition has two thrusts. The first challenges the right and propriety of Pepco (a) condemning the fee title of the strip taken from the landowners while at the same time giving back, as a matter of grace, certain rights to the landowners, and (b) condemning the easement of cutting and trimming trees lying beyond the strip to be taken. The trial court clearly and explicitly instructed the jury that it was to allow the fee simple value of the land taken and the value of the easement of cutting and trimming without taking into account, in appraising the damages, the fact that the appellants would be allowed certain uses of the land after the taking. The amount of the verdict leaves no doubt that the jury fully valued both takings. In any event, no objection was made to the charge on these points, and, under the rules, they are not open to consideration on appeal. The second attack is on the inquisition as not showing (1) that appellants' lands were being taken for public use, and (2) the purposes for which the land was being condemned. These objections were made for the first time some five months after the inquisition had been submitted to the jury and, like the alleged defects in the charge, cannot be considered on appeal, under Maryland Rules 560 b, 554 a, 554 d, and 554 e.
As the Birkett case decided, there was no error on the part of the trial court in deciding preliminarily, as a question of law, that Pepco had the right to take a fee rather than an easement. On the merits, the testimony leaves no doubt that Pepco showed the necessity for taking the fee so that this assignment of alleged error cannot help appellants.
The record reveals no prejudice to the landowners, and the judgment will be affirmed.
Judgment affirmed, with costs.