Opinion
A97A0688.
DECIDED APRIL 3, 1997 — RECONSIDERATION DENIED APRIL 10, 1997 — CERT. APPLIED FOR.
Action on policy. Bibb Superior Court. Before Judge Culpepper.
Drew, Eckl Farnham, Clayton H. Farnham, Charles L. Norton, Jr., for appellant.
Groover Childs, W. Thomas Griffith, McCullough Payne, Gregson T. Haan, Nancy A. Atkinson, for appellee.
On August 9, 1991, Carolyn S. Fairfax ("Fairfax") and the appellee, Eugene Gibson, purchased a 1989 Chevrolet Silverado pick-up truck ("vehicle"), Vehicle Identification Number 1GCDC14K2166710, from Charlie Pike Chevrolet-Buick, Inc. ("Pike"), which is located in Warner Robbins, Georgia. The purchase was financed by the seller pursuant to the provisions of a finance contract between appellee, Fairfax, and the seller. That contract shows Fairfax as "Buyer," and the appellee as "Co-Buyer" and holds both individuals jointly and severally liable for the note. The vehicle was given as security for the note. The finance contract between the appellee, Fairfax, and the seller was assigned to General Motors Acceptance Corporation ("GMAC").
The appellant, Integon General Insurance Corporation, issued a policy of insurance to appellee on the vehicle, policy number SAG 8067060, which was effective February 28, 1994, through February 28, 1995, and which showed GMAC, the secured creditor, as loss payee. The named insured was the appellee, and the declaration pages showed Eugene Gibson and Gwendolyn S. Gibson as drivers. Carolyn S. Fairfax's name does not appear on the policy as an insured or otherwise.
On July 11, 1994, the vehicle was stolen. The appellee reported this loss to the appellant on or about July 12, 1994. The appellant investigated the loss and determined the value of the vehicle at the time of the loss to be $6,900. In a letter dated November 2, 1994, the appellant, contending that the appellee had insured only his one half property interest in the vehicle, offered the appellee 50 percent of its valuation, or $3,450. Appellee did not accept this offer. Appellant made this identical offer to appellee on three more occasions, April 17, 1995, April 26, 1995, and August 18, 1995. Appellee refused each of these offers.
An issue of fact exists as to the exact value of the vehicle. Appellant claims the value of the vehicle at the time of the loss to be $6,900, while Appellee claims such value to be $12,000. However, the value of the vehicle was not an issue before the trial court on the respective motions for partial summary judgment.
On February 21, 1995, GMAC, the lienholder on the vehicle and loss payee on the policy, filed the complaint in the case sub judice against appellee and Fairfax, alleging breach of contract for their failure to make payments on the note. Both appellee and Fairfax filed timely answers, and the appellee filed a counterclaim against GMAC. On July 20, 1995, the appellee alone brought his third-party complaint against the appellant. On June 23, 1995, the appellant made an offer of settlement of the claim in the amount of $3,450 directly to GMAC, which offer was not accepted. When the respective offers were not accepted either by appellee or GMAC, the appellant, pursuant to a consent order signed on August 19, 1995, tendered $3,450 into the registry of the court, requesting that the funds be placed in an interest bearing account.
On January 29, 1996, the appellant filed a motion for partial summary judgment against the appellee. On February 23, 1995, the appellee filed his own motion for partial summary judgment. On March 11, 1996, GMAC filed a motion for summary judgment against the appellee and Fairfax. All pending motions were heard by the trial court on May 21, 1996. On June 4, 1996, the trial court entered an order granting GMAC's motion for summary judgment. However, the trial court on June 21, 1996, entered an order staying the enforcement of that order, pending resolution of the appellee and the appellant's mutual motions for partial summary judgment. On August 29, 1996, the trial court issued an order granting the appellee's motion for partial summary judgment and simultaneously denying the appellant's motion for partial summary judgment. Notice of this order was sent in an untimely fashion to the appellant, which error the trial court remedied by vacating and re-entering the order on October 3, 1996. It is from this order that the appellant appeals.
1. In appellant's four enumerations of error, the appellant alleges that the trial court erred as a matter of law in determining that the appellee's interest in the vehicle was in the preservation of the vehicle as a whole; and that, therefore, his insurable interest in the vehicle equalled 100 percent of the value of the vehicle; and that appellant, as appellee's insurer, was liable for the entire amount.
"To prevail at summary judgment under OCGA § 9-11-56, the moving party must demonstrate that there is no genuine issue of material fact and that the undisputed facts, viewed in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, warrant judgment as a matter of law." Lau's Corp. v. Haskins, 261 Ga. 491 ( 405 S.E.2d 474) (1991).
OCGA § 33-24-4 (a) defines "insurable interest" as "any actual, lawful, and substantial economic interest in the safety or preservation of the subject of the insurance free from loss, destruction, or pecuniary damage or impairment." Subsection (c) further specifies that the measure of recovery for that interest "is the extent to which the insured might be damnified by loss, injury, or impairment of such interest in such property." "Title is not the sole test for determining an insurable interest. It is sufficient if the insured holds such a relation to the property that its destruction . . . would result in pecuniary loss to him. The test of insurable interest in property is whether the insured has such a right, title, or interest therein, or relation thereto, that he will be benefited by its preservation and continued existence, or suffer a direct pecuniary loss from its destruction or injury by the peril insured against." (Citations and punctuation omitted.) Allstate Ins. Co. v. Thompson, 164 Ga. App. 508, 509 ( 297 S.E.2d 520) (1982). See Pike v. American Alliance Ins. Co., 160 Ga. 755, 760-61 ( 129 S.E. 53) (1925)." Ga. Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. Smith, 179 Ga. App. 399, 402 (1) ( 346 S.E.2d 848) (1986); see also American Reliable Ins. Co. v. Woodward, 143 Ga. App. 652, 653 ( 239 S.E.2d 543) (1977). This court has held that, even if one does not have title to property, if he is indebted on such property and the property stands as security for such indebtedness, he has an insurable interest. Employers Fire Ins. Co. v. Pennsylvania Millers Mut. Ins. Co., 116 Ga. App. 433 ( 157 S.E.2d 807) (1967); see also, Mathis v. Rock Springs Wholesale Co., 157 Ga. App. 726 ( 278 S.E.2d 484) (1981) (a person without title to property who is secondarily liable on a note for which such property stands as security has an insurable interest therein).
Although appellee was listed as "Co-Buyer" of the vehicle on the finance contract and held title to the vehicle with another, his insurable interest is not limited to his one-half ownership. Under the terms and conditions of the note, he was jointly and severally liable for the entire debt upon which the vehicle was given as security. Therefore, appellee's interest in the vehicle was in the preservation of the vehicle as a whole, and appellee's insurable interest in the vehicle equalled 100 per cent of its value. Appellee was required under the terms of the note to obtain physical damage insurance covering loss or damage to the vehicle as a whole for the term of the note, which appellee sought to obtain from appellant. The appellant knew that GMAC held a security interest in the vehicle, and therefore, was aware of appellee's interest in the preservation of the vehicle as a whole when it entered into the contract of insurance with the appellee. This is evidenced by the appellant listing GMAC as the loss payee on such contract of insurance. Therefore, appellant, as insurer of the vehicle, is liable to the appellee for the entire value of the vehicle.
The case sub judice can be distinguished on the facts from the case of Shield Ins. Co. v. Kemp, 117 Ga. App. 538 ( 160 S.E.2d 915) (1968) cited by the appellant. In Shield Ins. Co., the contract of insurance specifically stated that it insured only "to the extent of the actual cash value of the property at the time of the loss but not exceeding [the cost of repair or replacement] nor in any event for more than the interest of the insured . . ." (Emphasis in original.) Such limiting language is not present in the policy of insurance presently before this court.
2. Appellee's motion for frivolous appeal is denied.
Judgment affirmed. Ruffin, J., and Senior Appellate Judge Harold R. Banke, concur.