Opinion
2011-10-20
In the Matter of SUSAN LL., Appellant,v.VICTOR LL., Respondent.(And Two Other Related Proceedings.)
Rachel Rappazzo, Schenectady, for appellant.Christine E. Nicolella, Delanson, attorney for the child.
Rachel Rappazzo, Schenectady, for appellant.Christine E. Nicolella, Delanson, attorney for the child.
GARRY, J.
Appeal from an order of the Family Court of Schoharie County (Bartlett III, J.), entered October 4, 2010, which, among other things, dismissed petitioner's application, in three proceedings pursuant to Family Ct. Act articles 6 and 8, to modify a prior order of visitation.
The parties were married in 2000 and are the parents of a son (born in 2002). Upon their divorce, they stipulated to joint custody of the child, with primary physical custody to petitioner (hereinafter the mother) and visitation to respondent (hereinafter the father) in Florida, where he has resided since 2005. In June 2007, Family Court (Foster, J.H.O.) granted the mother's petition to modify the prior order by requiring the father's visitation to take place in New York. In April 2010, the mother commenced a family offense proceeding alleging that the father was harassing her through telephone calls and e-mails, and in May 2010 she petitioned for modification of the prior order, seeking suspension of the father's visitation. The father cross-petitioned for visitation in
Florida. Family Court (Bartlett III, J.) dismissed the mother's modification petition, dismissed the father's cross petition for visitation in Florida, and established a schedule for his visitation in New York. Further, among other things, the court required the father to participate in counseling and gave him permission to petition for visitation in Florida after May 2011 if he so chose. The mother appeals, with the support of the attorney for the child.
Family Court also found that the father had committed a family offense and issued an order of protection precluding him from communicating with the mother except to discuss the child.
“ ‘[A]n existing visitation order will be modified only if the applicant demonstrates a change in circumstances that reflects a genuine need for the modification so as to ensure the best interests of the child’ ” ( Matter of Braswell v. Braswell, 80 A.D.3d 827, 829, 914 N.Y.S.2d 749 [2011], quoting Matter of Taylor v. Fry, 63 A.D.3d 1217, 1218, 880 N.Y.S.2d 721 [2009] ). A change in circumstances was established by the breakdown of the relationship between the father and child, such that the child developed a strong preference not to visit the father ( see Matter of Burch v. Willard, 57 A.D.3d 1272, 1273, 870 N.Y.S.2d 141 [2008]; Matter of Oddy v. Oddy, 296 A.D.2d 616, 617, 745 N.Y.S.2d 584 [2002]; Matter of Bowers v. Bowers, 266 A.D.2d 741, 742, 698 N.Y.S.2d 771 [1999] ) and by the father's failure to visit the child for more than a year before the hearing ( compare Matter of Whitcomb v. Seward, 86 A.D.3d 741, 742–743, 926 N.Y.S.2d 764 [2011] ). Thus, Family Court properly conducted an analysis of the child's best interests. Nonetheless, the mother contends that the court erred in this inquiry by refusing to suspend the father's visitation. We disagree.
Visitation with a noncustodial parent is presumed to be in a child's best interests and is denied “ ‘only under the most compelling circumstances where visitation would be detrimental to the child's welfare’ ” ( Matter of Brown v. White, 3 A.D.3d 743, 744, 770 N.Y.S.2d 809 [2004], quoting Matter of Shaun X., 300 A.D.2d 772, 773, 751 N.Y.S.2d 631 [2002] ). A clinical social worker who had treated the child for several years testified that the child was disturbed by ongoing conflict between the mother and the father. She testified that during her treatment of the child, the mother's ability to shield him from these altercations had improved as a result of counseling. However, despite several telephone conversations with the social worker and a single in-person counseling session, the father had not stopped putting the child in the middle of his conflicts with the mother and had not cooperated with the social worker's efforts to assist him in improving his relationship with the child. The social worker testified that the child had overheard a number of angry remarks and messages directed by the father at the mother; as a result, he had developed a perception that the father was “really mean to his mom” and felt obliged to defend her during visits with the father. Despite these problems, the child was willing to engage in visitation with the father until an incident that transpired during the father's in-person counseling session in June 2009. On this occasion, the father spent much of the session urging the child to visit him in Florida, and finally told the child that if he did not do so, the father would not see him again.
The social worker described the telephone conversations as “heated discussions” during which the father “yell[ed]” and, on one occasion, became so angry that the social worker terminated the conversation by hanging up on him.
The social worker described the child as “devastated” by the remark and stated that ever since the incident, the child had been very angry with the father and was vehemently opposed to visiting him. The social worker opined that future visits between the father and child should be supervised and should take place in New York. However, she also testified that she was not suggesting that the father have no visitation with the child at all.
Throughout his testimony, the father continued to insist that his visitation with the child must take place in Florida. He maintained that he did not have a problem requiring counseling, and consistently blamed others—particularly the mother—for his difficulties with the child. For example, instead of taking responsibility when the child was disturbed by angry, profane messages that he left on the mother's answering machine, the father blamed the mother for failing to prevent the child from overhearing them. He admitted failing to visit the child during the 14 months following the June 2009 therapy session, thereby confirming his warning to the child that he would not see him again if the child did not conform to his wishes. However, he also acknowledged that this statement had been a “mistake,” stated that he was willing to apologize to the child, and testified that he had maintained telephone contact with the child despite his failure to visit him. He further admitted that he had erred by contributing to arguments in which the child should not have been involved.
He did agree to participate in a visit orchestrated by Family Court to occur while he was in New York for the hearing.
It is clear from this testimony and other credible evidence in the record that the father's conduct caused or significantly contributed to his estrangement from the child. Nonetheless, we agree with Family Court that the “ ‘drastic remedy’ ” of suspending all visitation is not required ( Matter of Laware v. Baldwin, 42 A.D.3d 696, 697, 839 N.Y.S.2d 618 [2007], quoting Matter of McCauliffe v. Peace, 176 A.D.2d 382, 383, 574 N.Y.S.2d 90 [1991]; accord Matter of Parker v. Parker, 68 A.D.3d 1277, 1279, 890 N.Y.S.2d 680 [2009] ). The preference of this relatively young child to have no visitation with the father is a factor to be taken into account in determining his best interests, but is not dispositive ( see Matter of Flood v. Flood, 63 A.D.3d 1197, 1198–1199, 880 N.Y.S.2d 748 [2009]; compare Matter of McGovern v. McGovern, 58 A.D.3d 911, 915, 870 N.Y.S.2d 618 [2009] ). The court's disposition was carefully crafted to assist the father in rebuilding his relationship with the child by incorporating most of the social worker's recommendations toward that end, with the exception of supervised visitation. By directing the father, among other things, to exercise all available visitation, engage in counseling, and communicate regularly with the child, and further directing the mother to improve her efforts to encourage and facilitate visitation, the court offered the father an opportunity to rebuild the child's trust, with the expectation that visitation in Florida
The attorney for the child asserts that Family Court's decision improperly revealed the substance of some of the child's communications during the Lincoln hearing. Although it is readily apparent that the intention was to benefit the child, it is nonetheless a betrayal to share a child's testimony after promising confidentiality. Absent a direction to the contrary, “ ‘the child's right to confidentiality should remain paramount’ ” ( Matter of Verry v. Verry, 63 A.D.3d 1228, 1229, 880 N.Y.S.2d 730 [2009], lv. denied 13 N.Y.3d 707, 2009 WL 2998057 [2009], quoting Matter of Hrusovsky v. Benjamin, 274 A.D.2d 674, 676, 710 N.Y.S.2d 198 [2000]; see Matter of Rivera v. LaSalle, 84 A.D.3d 1436, 1437, 923 N.Y.S.2d 254 [2011] ).
could be resumed when these efforts succeeded. We find a sound and substantial basis in the record for the court's conclusion that this disposition is in the best interests of the child ( see Matter of Brown v. Erbstoesser, 85 A.D.3d 1497, 1500, 928 N.Y.S.2d 92 [2011]; Matter of Braswell v. Braswell, 80 A.D.3d at 831, 914 N.Y.S.2d 749; Matter of Fish v. Manning, 300 A.D.2d 932, 933, 753 N.Y.S.2d 164 [2002] ). Thus, the dismissal of the mother's modification petition will not be disturbed.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, without costs.
MERCURE, J.P., ROSE, MALONE JR. and KAVANAGH, JJ., concur.