Opinion
Docket No. 78-3784.
Decided January 22, 1980. Leave to appeal applied for.
Early, Starbuck Lennon (by J. Richardson Johnson and James E. Beck), for Dorene Zaharion.
Vandervoort, Cooke, McFee, Christ, Carpenter Fisher, for Security National Bank, et al.
This matter is before this Court on remand from the Michigan Supreme Court for plenary consideration as on leave granted. See In re Zaharion Estate (Zaharion v Security National Bank), 404 Mich. 802 (1978). Both parties appealed a judgment of the Calhoun County Circuit Court, which judgment affirmed in part and reversed in part a judgment of the probate court for the County of Calhoun.
We initially conclude that there was no error in the admission of the testimony by Mrs. Zaharion concerning her deceased husband's donative intent with regard to the transfer to her of stock held by him in seven corporations, as against a challenge that the admission of such testimony was in violation of the Michigan deadman's statute, MCL 600.2166; MSA 27A.2166. We find that her testimony was sufficiently corroborated by other evidence, as required by the statute in question. Schwartz v Davis Manufacturing Co, 32 Mich. App. 451, 454-458; 189 N.W.2d 1 (1971), Braidwood v Harmon, 31 Mich. App. 49, 57-58; 187 N.W.2d 559 (1971).
Next, we address the major issue in this case, viz., whether there was an effective delivery of the stocks in question prior to decedent's death, such that a valid inter vivos gift of said shares was made by decedent to his wife, Mrs. Zaharion. Specifically, we are asked to determine whether MCL 440.8309; MSA 19.8309 is applicable to gratuitous inter vivos transfers of securities, thereby necessitating actual physical delivery of the stock certificates, or whether the aforementioned provision is inapposite to the case at bar. If so, then under the common law rule relating to inter vivos gifts, either actual or constructive delivery of the shares would suffice to effect a completed gift, assuming that the remaining elements of a gift inter vivos are present. Osius v Dingell, 375 Mich. 605, 611; 134 N.W.2d 657 (1965).
The provision reads as follows:
"Sec. 8309. An indorsement of a security whether special or in blank does not constitute a transfer until delivery of the security on which it appears or if the indorsement is on a separate document until delivery of both the document and the security."
We digress briefly only to note that it is of no moment whether decedent intended to transfer to his wife his entire interest in the stock or only a joint interest with right of survivorship, at least insofar as decedent's donative intent is concerned. This is so because the effect of either would ultimately be to vest complete ownership of the share in Mrs. Zaharion, although at different times. The record is clear that this was decedent's intent at the time the gift was alleged to have been made. It was only a fortuity that he utilized a gift of a joint interest to effect this intent as opposed to an outright gift of the entire interest in the stock.
This is so because during decedent's final illness he relied upon the advice of a friend, Stanley Stone, a lay person, with regard to the manner in which to insure that his wife would receive the certificates in question.
The question of the applicability of MCL 440.8309 to gratuitous inter vivos transfers of securities is one of first impression in Michigan. There is no indication of legislative intent in either direction which would serve as a guide to aid our decision. However, in the absence of a clear indicium of a legislative intent to apply the above-noted provision to inter vivos gifts of securities, we decline to infer such an intent. We conclude that the common law rules relative to such transfers remain undisturbed by MCL 440.8309. As such, we hold that an inter vivos transfer by gift of any interest in securities is accomplished by either actual or constructive delivery of the same, where donative intent is also present, and where acceptance by the donee may be presumed or is proven directly, as per the rule in Osius v Dingell, supra, 611. Support for this position is also found in 11 Callaghan's Michigan Civil Jurisprudence, Gifts, §§ 14, 29, pp 388-391, 426-428, and 1979 Cum Supp, pp 40, 42-43. Cf., Ellis v Secor, 31 Mich. 185; 18 Am Rep 178 (1975), and Brown, Personal Property (2d ed), § 60, pp 197-198.
Applying this rule to this instant case, we further hold that an effective inter vivos transfer by gift of a joint tenancy with a right of survivorship was made to Mrs. Zaharion by her husband with regard to all the stocks in dispute. Constructive delivery of the stock certificates was effected by means of the stock powers executed by Mr. Zaharion with the assistance of his wife. As such, it was error for the circuit court to hold that the transfer of the shares of six of seven corporations was ineffective for lack of physical delivery of the stock certificates, as physical delivery was not required. The transfer was effective as to the shares of all seven corporations.
The genuineness of the decedent's signature on the stock powers is not in dispute in this Court, nor was there any finding to this effect in either the probate court or the circuit court.
Affirmed in part; reversed in part. Costs to plaintiff.