Opinion
Docket No. 79829.
Argued November 4, 1987 (Calendar No. 5).
Decided June 6, 1988.
John R. Carney ( Sean P. Kavanagh, of counsel) for the petitioner.
Beier, Howlett, Hayward, McCann, Jones, Kingsepp Shea (by James L. Howlett) for the respondents.
The single issue in this case is whether a person who is both conservator of a disabled adult and a joint owner with the disabled adult of certain bank accounts loses his status of joint owner with rights of survivorship when he closes the joint accounts and deposits the funds in a conservator's account opened to consolidate the disabled adult's assets.
I
In September, 1979, petitioner Justice M. Wright was summoned to Detroit from his home in North Bay, Ontario, Canada, by friends of his sister, Mabel Laveta Wright. At that time Mabel was seventy-two years old and living alone. Her physical and mental health had deteriorated to the point that she could not care for herself or manage her financial affairs. When petitioner arrived in Detroit, he consulted an attorney and then initiated probate proceedings to appoint a guardian and conservator for his sister. In the meantime he tended his sister's needs.
According to petitioner's testimony, his sister had never discussed her finances with him. Petitioner found several bank books and unpaid bills while sorting through her papers. Two of the bank books were for accounts on which petitioner was named joint owner with full rights of survivorship. One account was a certificate of deposit purchased by Mabel on March 5, 1975; the other account had been opened by Mabel on February 2, 1978.
The funds in both accounts amounted to $81,844.99.
Petitioner was appointed his sister's guardian and the conservator of her estate on December 6, 1979. He attempted to find a nursing home in the Detroit area to care for his sister, but given her mental condition, none would admit her. Petitioner finally moved her to North Bay, where he found a home willing to take her.
Petitioner returned to Detroit and on the advice of counsel consolidated his sister's funds in one bank, Manufacturers Bank of Livonia, so petitioner could easily have money wired to North Bay for his sister's needs. Several bank accounts were transferred to the one bank, among them the two joint accounts that petitioner's sister had opened in both their names. As his sister's conservator, petitioner purchased a savings certificate and opened a savings account and a checking account.
Petitioner also transferred the funds from several bank accounts held in decedent's name alone.
On October 12, 1980, Mabel Laveta Wright died intestate. As part of his duties as conservator, Justice M. Wright filed an account and inventory of his sister's estate. Respondents Burt White and Elsie Wright, both heirs at law, objected to the first accounting, as well as to an amended account and inventory that was later filed. Specifically, they objected to Justice M. Wright's petition in which he claimed that as surviving owner of the joint assets in the estate he should be awarded those assets.
A hearing was held, and the probate judge concluded that petitioner was "not entitled to receive any assets from the guardianship estate based upon his claim of joint ownership with rights of survivorship. . . ." The probate judge found that the statutory presumption of joint ownership under MCL 487.703; MSA 23.303 had been rebutted by petitioner's testimony that the money in the joint accounts belonged to his sister.
Petitioner appealed to the Court of Appeals, which affirmed in a split decision. The majority concluded that petitioner's withdrawal of the money from the joint accounts terminated the joint ownership with rights of survival, and that therefore petitioner was not entitled to a sum equal to the amount that had earlier been in the joint accounts. The dissent disagreed and concluded that petitioner was acting as conservator when he withdrew the funds from the joint accounts; however, as conservator, the petitioner lacked the authority to close the accounts and had therefore erred. The dissent would have awarded petitioner in his role as joint tenant with rights of survivorship the funds that had been in the joint accounts.
156 Mich. App. 1; 401 N.W.2d 288 (1986).
Id., p 6.
Id., pp 11-18.
We granted petitioner's application for leave to appeal. 428 Mich. 873 (1987).
II
Under MCL 487.703; MSA 23.303, a presumption of ownership is created when a person opens a bank account and names a joint owner with rights of survivorship:
The making of the deposit in such form shall, in the absence of fraud or undue influence, be prima facie evidence, in any action or proceeding, to which either such banking institution or surviving depositor or depositors is a party, of the intention of such depositors to vest title to such deposit and the additions thereto in such survivor or survivors.
This Court has characterized the type of evidence required to rebut the presumption of ownership:
Reasonably clear and persuasive proof, stronger than appears in this record, is required to overcome the statutory provision that deposits of the character here involved "become the property of" the survivor of the joint depositors. Otherwise there would be no security or certainty as to the rights of such surviving depositors. [ Lau v Lau, 304 Mich. 218, 224; 7 N.W.2d 278 (1943).]
We find that the probate judge clearly erred in ruling that the statutory presumption of ownership was rebutted in this case. No evidence of decedent's intent was presented to the probate court. However, it appears that decedent opened the joint accounts for no other reason than that she intended to provide a benefit for her brother upon her death. At that time the brother did not live nearby and was therefore unable to withdraw funds on her behalf for her convenience. In addition, he was unaware of the joint accounts and did not discover them until he began proceedings to be appointed his sister's guardian and the conservator of her estate. We find nothing in this case to support the probate judge's conclusion that the statutory presumption was rebutted.
See MCR 2.613(C).
III
The main issue in this case is whether petitioner lost his status as joint owner with rights of survivorship when he closed the joint accounts. Our determination of that issue depends upon the capacity in which petitioner acted when he withdrew the funds. At the time petitioner had three roles: guardian of his sister, conservator of her estate, and joint owner with rights of survivorship in the accounts. Consequently, petitioner represented his sister's interest as guardian and conservator, while having personal interests of his own as joint tenant.
On the basis of the record before us, we find that the petitioner was acting in his capacity as conservator when he withdrew the funds from the joint accounts. Petitioner testified that at the time he did not intend to claim the money as his own. Rather, he intended to make the money more readily available for his sister's needs. By transferring his sister's bank accounts to a single bank where he had opened conservator's accounts in his sister's name, petitioner could have money wired more easily to North Bay when his sister required it. Therefore, petitioner was acting as conservator of his sister's estate when he withdrew the funds from the joint accounts, and we find nothing in the record that indicates otherwise.
From the bank's perspective petitioner was able to withdraw the funds from the accounts because of his status as joint owner. However, that fact has little bearing on petitioner's intention when he did so. Furthermore, the understanding of the bank personnel is irrelevant in determining petitioner's own intent in closing the accounts.
IV
Despite petitioner's altruistic intentions in closing the joint bank accounts to consolidate his sister's assets, as conservator he did not have the authority to do so.
A conservator is a fiduciary, appointed to exercise powers over the estate of a protected person. Those powers, however, are not absolute. In exercising them a conservator has the duty to "[act] reasonably in efforts to accomplish the purpose for which he or she was appointed. . . ."
MCL 700.5(2)(a); MSA 27.5005(2)(a).
MCL 700.3(5); MSA 27.5003(5). A conservator is sometimes referred to as the "guardian of the estate."
A conservator's powers are listed in MCL 700.484; MSA 27.5484.
MCL 700.484(3); MSA 27.5484(3).
Although a conservator has the power to "[c]ollect, hold, and retain assets of the estate," he may not change the nature of joint accounts created by the disabled adult before the adult was declared incompetent. In this case petitioner's withdrawing all the funds from the joint accounts terminated the joint tenancy and thus changed the nature of the accounts. Therefore, we find that petitioner exceeded his authority in closing the joint bank accounts opened by decedent before she was declared incompetent.
MCL 700.484(3)(a); MSA 27.5484(3)(a).
See First Federal Savings Loan Ass'n v Savallisch, 364 Mich. 168; 110 N.W.2d 724 (1961).
V
We hold that under the facts of this case petitioner did not lose his status of joint owner with rights of survivorship when he closed the joint accounts to consolidate his sister's assets in conservator's accounts. Although petitioner erred by exceeding his authority as conservator, he is still entitled to the funds that had been in the joint accounts. Nothing in the record indicates that the decedent named petitioner as joint owner for any reason other than to provide him a benefit upon her death. Therefore, the decisions of the Court of Appeals and probate court are reversed. We remand this case to the probate court to enter an order consistent with this opinion.
We agree with the dissenting opinion of Judge T.M. BURNS in this case that petitioner's error in judgment as a conservator should not be held against him as an individual. See 156 Mich. App. 18.
RILEY, C.J., and LEVIN, BRICKLEY, ARCHER, and GRIFFIN, JJ., concurred with CAVANAGH, J.
I concur in the result. In my view, however, petitioner terminated the joint tenancy when he withdrew the funds. First Federal Savings Loan Ass'n v Savallisch, 364 Mich. 168; 110 N.W.2d 724 (1961), is distinguishable. The rationale of Savallisch is the general rule that a guardian does not have authority to exercise the personal rights of the ward to alter the nature of the deposits, Drozinski v Straub, 383 So.2d 301, 304 (Fla App, 1975). Accepting that petitioner as conservator did not succeed to his ward's personal right, it cannot be disputed that as a joint owner petitioner had a personal right to close the accounts which he could and did exercise. I therefore agree with the Court of Appeals that withdrawal in and of itself served to terminate the joint ownership with rights of survival. As that Court observed, petitioner "did not have to be guardian to enjoy these rights and powers, and the fact that he was guardian did not diminish his rights and powers as joint tenant," 156 Mich. App. 1, 7; 401 N.W.2d 288 (1986).
It does not necessarily follow that the placement of the funds in the conservator account constituted a gift to the estate.
I am unable to accept respondent's argument that the record requires a finding petitioner intended to make a gift of these funds to decedent.
In this unique circumstance, when petitioner placed his own funds in the joint account, the record reflects that he intended to hold the money in trust for his ward to be used in the event she needed it. Since there is no question that petitioner acted in good faith, and on the advice of an attorney, or that the remainder of the estate was more than sufficient for the needs of the ward, I believe the majority has reached an equitable result which fairly carries out the donor's intent when the joint accounts were created.
The Court of Appeals correctly concluded that the statutory presumption of ownership of joint accounts, MCL 487.703; MSA 23.303, became inapplicable when the funds were withdrawn from the joint accounts. Contrary to the probate court's finding that petitioner's conduct and testimony rebuts any presumption of joint ownership, the statutory presumption of ownership of joint accounts under MCL 487.703; MSA 23.303 concerns the depositor's intent when the deposit is made and admissions by the donee that the account was understood to be the property of the donor during his lifetime frequently have been viewed as not controlling. See Wellman, The joint and survivor account in Michigan — Progress through confusion, 63 Mich L R 629, 637 (1965).