Opinion
Opinion filed February 5, 1944.
1. STATUTES.
Limitations on power to make nuncupative wills do not render the "act to make uniform the execution of wills" invalid as containing matter foreign to the caption (Pub. Acts 1941, ch. 125, sec. 6; Const. Tenn. art. 2, sec. 17).
2. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. Wills.
The uniform act permitting persons in military, air, or naval service in time of war to dispose of more property by nuncupative will than ordinary persons is not invalid as making arbitrary discrimination (Pub. Acts 1941, ch. 125, sec. 6; Const. Tenn. art. 1, sec. 8; art. 11, sec. 8; U.S. Const. Amend. 14).
3. APPEAL AND ERROR.
The Supreme Court is without jurisdiction to pass on motion to dispauperize one appealing as a poor person.
FROM SHELBY.Appeal from Probate Court of Shelby County. — HON. SAMUEL O. BATES, Judge.
Proceeding in the matter of the estate of Estelle Holliday, wherein attack was made upon the constitutionality of Pub. Acts 1941, chap. 125. From an adverse judgment, the objecting party appeals. Affirmed, and motion to dispauperize appellant overruled.
MARY GUIDI, of Memphis, for appellant.
L.J. MONTEVERDE, of Memphis, for Reed.
ROBERT T. KENNERLY, Assistant Attorney General., for the State.
The only question presented on this appeal is the constitutionality of Chapter 125 of the Public Acts of 1941. The Act was held valid by the court below and this appeal taken.
The statute is one of the series of Uniform Acts compiled by the National Uniform Laws Commission as a model to be adopted in all the States. It undertakes to prescribe the essentials of all valid wills.
The attack herein is based on the supposed infirmities of Section 6 as to nuncupative wills. It is said that this section contains matter foreign to the caption in violation of Section 17 of Article 2 of the Tennessee Constitution and that it also makes an arbitrary discrimination between persons "in active military, air or naval service in time of war" and others in violation of Section 8 of Article 1 and Section 8 of Article 11 of the Tennessee Constitution and the 14th Amendment to the Federal Constitution. The caption and Section 6 follow:
"An Act to make uniform the execution of wills and repealing all Acts in conflict therewith.
. . . . .
"Sec. 6. Nuncupative Will.
"(1) A nuncupative will may be made only by a person in imminent peril of death, whether from illness or otherwise, shall be valid only if the testator died as a result of the impending peril, and must be
"(a) Declared to be his will by the testator before two disinterested witnesses;
"(b) Reduced to writing by or under the direction of one of the witnesses within thirty days after such declaration; and
"(c) Submitted for probate within six months after the death of the testator.
"(2) The nuncupative will may dispose of personal property only and to an aggregate value not exceeding One Thousand ($1,000) Dollars, except that in the case of persons in active military, air or naval service in time of war the aggregate amount may be Ten Thousand ($10,000) Dollars.
"(3) A nuncupative will neither revokes nor changes an existing written will."
It is argued that (2) of Section 6 undertakes to regulate the disposal or distribution of property by will whereas the caption only authorizes provisions with reference to the execution of a will and that (2) thus goes much beyond the title. The purpose of the Act, however, as indicated by the title, is to make our statute of wills uniform with the statute of wills promulgated as above outlined to be adopted elsewhere. Since the statute so promulgated for adoption in all the States contains these limitations on the power to dispose of property by nuncupative wills, the statute enacted by our Legislature could not have been made uniform with the others unless it contained similar limitations. Not only the manner of execution of wills but uniformity of execution was the design of the Legislature. Such uniformity would not be attained unless the scope of nuncupative wills had been limited as in the statute.
The other objection to (2) of Section 6 is not in our opinion maintainable. A classification having a reasonable basis is of course proper and we think there are perfectly sound reasons for this distinction between persons in active military, air and naval service in time of war and other persons.
Under the statute a nuncupative will can be made only by one in imminent peril of death. Civilians in such plight can ordinarily procure legal advice, writing materials, or scribes, and execute a will in due form. Those in the active military, air and naval service, however, in time of war, commonly find themselves in imminent peril of death and in places where none of the materials or instrumentalities for executing a written will are available. The discrimination in their favor, therefore, is far from arbitrary.
We find no error in the judgment of the court below upholding this statute and that judgment will be affirmed.
A motion is made in this Court to dispauperize the appellant, the case having been brought here on the oath for poor persons. This Court is without jurisdiction to inquire into such matters and the motion is overruled. Locke v. Smith Funeral Service Corp. et al., 180 Tenn. 18, 171 S.W.2d 272, and State for Use, etc., v. Gannaway, 84 Tenn. 124.