Summary
finding dominion and control where decedent relied on his daughter for his financial and physical needs, including dispensing medication, assisting his movement from a bed to a recliner, and either sitting with him or hiring a sitter
Summary of this case from Waller v. EvansOpinion
Opinion, October 13, 1938.
EXECUTORS AND ADMINISTRATORS. PROBATE COURTS.
Contractual rights, obligations, mere choses in action, have no situs.
Relative to probate proceedings, the element of the amount of property may not, save for fraud, or defect evident on inspection of the original record, be the subject of collateral attack. The remedy for relief is on appeal. Decrees of Probate Courts in matters of probate, within the authority conferred upon them by law, are, when not appealed from, conclusive. Such decrees are binding upon the common-law courts, and not reversible by writ of error or certiorari. Nor can they be set aside in equity, even for fraud. The Probate Court has, after decreeing, and after time for appealing from the decree has passed, the power, upon petition, subsequently filed, notice, and hearing, to open and vacate a prior decree, clearly shown to be without foundation in law or fact and in derogation of legal right. The Probate Court has jurisdiction as a Court of Equity in specified cases. Such court sits as a Court of Equity only in cases relative to the administration of estates, the execution of last wills, and the performance of trusts. From that court, an appeal lies to the Supreme Court of Probate.
On exceptions. Case originated as a petition, filed by Havana Electric Railway Company, in the nature of a bill in equity, addressed to the Probate Court for the County of Kennebec to set aside the decree of that Court appointing Viola Neely as administratrix of the estate of Roy H. Neely. Demurrer was filed to the bill by defendant and a decree sustaining the demurrer entered in said Probate Court. Petitioner appealed from decision to the Superior Court for the County of Kennebec, being the Supreme Court of Probate. The presiding Justice, at the April, 1938 Term, sustained decree of Probate Court. Exceptions taken by petitioner. Case dismissed. Case fully appears in the opinion.
McLean, Fogg Southard, for appellant.
Gordon F. Gallert, Harvey D. Eaton, for defendant.
SITTING: DUNN, C. J., STURGIS, BARNES, THAXTER, HUDSON, MANSER, JJ.
This record manifests irregularity precluding consideration on the merits.
A court whose authority was not invoked, and to which the proceeding had not been transferred, nor could be, assumed to determine issues, and to decree. No exception raises the point; nevertheless, the existing condition should not be disregarded.
The Havana Electric Railway Company is a Maine corporation, having been organized in 1926, under the general incorporation laws of this State. The domicile of the corporation is Augusta, the shire town of the County of Kennebec; the principal manual business of the concern is carried on elsewhere.
On December 15, 1937, the company petitioned the probate court in Kennebec county to revoke the decree which, on August 23, 1937, that court entered in respect to granting administration on the estate of one Roy H. Neely, a person deceased, intestate.
Administration was on the ground that, although the decedent was not, on the day of the date of his death (October 3, 1930,) a resident of Maine, yet, he either left within the State, administrable estate of twenty dollars minimum value, or such was later found therein. R. S., Chap. 75, Sec. 9.
The administratrix appointed by the probate court accepted her trust, and entered upon the discharge of her duties.
In such capacity, she sued the railway company, alleging breach by it, since the death of her intestate, of the terms of a certain contract, to which he had been party; the claim for damages was one hundred thousand dollars. The action is still pending in the Kennebec county superior court.
Contractual rights, obligations, mere choses in action, have no situs. Pullen v. Hillman, 84 Me. 129, 24 A. 795.
Relative to probate proceedings, the element of the amount of property may not, save for fraud, or defect evident on inspection of the original record, be the subject of collateral attack. R. S., Chap. 75, Sec. 16. See the analogous cases of Record v. Howard, 58 Me. 225, and Spencer v. Bouchard, 123 Me. 15, 121 A. 164. The remedy for relief is on appeal. R. S., hereinabove cited.
Decrees of probate courts in matters of probate, within the authority conferred upon them by law, are, when not appealed from, conclusive. Waters v. Stickney, 12 Allen, 1; Snow v. Russell, 93 Me. 362, 376, 45 A. 305.
Such decrees are binding upon the common-law courts, and not reversible by writ of error or certiorari. Nor can they be set aside in equity, even for fraud. Waters v. Stickney, supra.
But, the probate court has, after decreeing, and after the time for appealing from the decree has passed, the power, upon petition, subsequently filed, notice, and hearing, to open and vacate a prior decree, clearly shown to be without foundation in law or fact and in derogation of legal right. Waters v. Stickney, supra; Merrill Trust Company, Appellant v. Hartford, 104 Me. 566, 72 A. 745.
The administratress demurred to the petition for annulment of the administration decree.
To now, the probate court was the forum.
In demurring, "the defendant demurs to plaintiff's bill, and assigns":
* * * *
"Second, That plaintiff by its bill shows no cause nor ground for any relief in equity against the defendant."
Any further quotation from the pleading would be cumulative.
The probate judge, ostensibly in equity, his decree being so entitled, sustained the demurrer, and dismissed the bill.
Difficulty now is not with such conclusion; that seemingly has support in reported cases. Saunders v. Weston, 74 Me. 85; Nash v. Benari, 117 Me. 491, 105 A. 107.
The present condition arises from the fact that the decree was made on the equity side, rather than the probate side, of the judicial tribunal.
The probate court has jurisdiction as a court of equity in specified cases. R. S., Chap. 75, Sec. 2. Such court sits as a court of equity only in cases relative to the administration of estates, the execution of last wills, and the performance of trusts. R. S., supra.
From that court, an appeal lies to the Supreme Court of Probate. Norris v. Moody, 120 Me. 151, 113 A. 24.
The probate court petitioner made an appeal from dismissal of its petition, but the appeal was from the decree of a judge purporting to exercise equity jurisdiction.
In the appellate probate court, the appeal was dismissed, and the decree below affirmed.
A bill of exceptions was allowed.
The original petition, that for annulment, was addressed to the probate court. That court has not determined the issues.
There are, in virtue of legislation, two different courts: one a probate court, of full panoply; the other an equity court, of special and limited authorization, which can decide finally a question properly presented, subject, of course, to the right of appeal. The two courts have but a single judge. In other words, a judge in the probate court derives from the statute his power to hold the equity court.
The petition, as noticed before, was to the probate court; that court ordered notice; simply this and nothing else.
There never was a basis on which to rest an equity court decree.
Case dismissed.