Opinion
01-11-2017
In the Matter of ELIJAH W.L. (Anonymous), JR. SCO Family of Services, respondent; Omisa S.C. (Anonymous), et al., appellants. (Proceeding No. 1) In the Matter of Lanijah J.L. (Anonymous). SCO Family of Services, respondent; Omisa S.C. (Anonymous), et al., appellants. (Proceeding No. 2) In the Matter of Jenna C.C. (Anonymous). SCO Family of Services, respondent; Omisa S.C. (Anonymous), et al., appellants. (Proceeding No. 3).
Larry S. Bachner, Jamaica, N.Y., for appellant Omisa S. C. Heath J. Goldstein, Jamaica, N.Y., for appellant Elijah L., Sr. Lauri Gennusa, Jamaica, N.Y., attorney for the children. Carrieri & Carrieri, P.C., Mineola, N.Y. (Ralph R. Carrieri of counsel), for respondent SCO Family of Services (no brief filed).
Larry S. Bachner, Jamaica, N.Y., for appellant Omisa S. C.
Heath J. Goldstein, Jamaica, N.Y., for appellant Elijah L., Sr.
Lauri Gennusa, Jamaica, N.Y., attorney for the children.
Carrieri & Carrieri, P.C., Mineola, N.Y. (Ralph R. Carrieri of counsel), for respondent SCO Family of Services (no brief filed).
RUTH C. BALKIN, J.P., JOHN M. LEVENTHAL, SHERI S. ROMAN, and HECTOR D. LaSALLE, JJ.
Appeals by the mother, and separate appeals by the father, from three orders of fact-finding and disposition of the Family Court, Queens County (Margaret P. McGowan, J.), dated March 10, 2015, March 11, 2015, and March 24, 2015. The orders (one as to each child), after a fact-finding hearing as to the mother, and a fact-finding hearing and a dispositional hearing as to the father, (1) found that the mother was presently, and for the foreseeable future, unable by reason of mental illness to provide proper and adequate care for the subject children, (2) found that the father permanently neglected the subject children, and (3) terminated the mother's and the father's parental rights and transferred the guardianship and custody of the subject children to SCO Family of Services and the Commissioner of Social Services of the City of New York for the purpose of adoption.
ORDERED that the orders of fact-finding and disposition are reversed, on the law, without costs or disbursements, the petitions are denied and the proceedings are dismissed as to the father, and the matters are remitted to the Family Court, Queens County, for a new fact-finding hearing as to the mother, and, if warranted, a new disposition thereafter.
In these proceedings pursuant to Social Services Law § 384–b to terminate the parental rights of the mother and the father as to the three subject children, the Family Court issued three orders of fact-finding and disposition (one as to each child). The court found that the mother suffered from mental illness and by reason of that mental illness was presently and for the foreseeable future unable to provide proper and adequate care for the children (see Social Services Law § 384–b[4][c] ; [6][a] ). The court also found that the father permanently neglected the subject children by, among other things, failing to plan separately from the mother for the return of the children (see Social Services Law § 384–b[4][d] ; [7] ). The Family Court terminated the mother's and the father's parental rights and transferred custody of the children to SCO Family of Services (hereinafter the petitioner) and the Commissioner of Social Services of the City of New York for the purpose of adoption. The mother and the father separately appeal.
First, as to the mother's appeal, the Family Court erred in determining the legal sufficiency of the evidence without complying with Social Services Law § 384–b(6)(e), which provides that "the judge shall order" an allegedly mentally ill parent "to be examined by, and shall take the testimony of, a qualified psychiatrist or a psychologist" (see Social Services Law § 384–b[6][c] ). Termination of parental rights on the ground of mental illness may be ordered only upon proof by clear and convincing evidence that the parent "presently and for the foreseeable future" is unable, by reason of the parent's mental illness, to provide proper and adequate care for the subject children (Social Services Law § 384–b[4][c] ; see Matter of Lina Catalina R., 21 A.D.3d 563, 563–564, 800 N.Y.S.2d 589 ). Importantly, termination on this ground requires expert testimony not only as to the parent's underlying mental illness, but also as to how that mental illness renders the parent unable to provide proper and adequate care for the subject child presently and in the foreseeable future (see Matter of Dakota F. [Angela F.], 110 A.D.3d 1151, 1153–1154, 974 N.Y.S.2d 594 ; Matter of Karen GG., 72 A.D.3d 1156, 1158, 898 N.Y.S.2d 685 ; Matter of Robert XX., 290 A.D.2d 753, 754, 736 N.Y.S.2d 199 ). Here, the court failed to obtain the required expert testimony (see Social Services Law § 384–b[6][c], [e] ; cf. Matter of Brianna Monique F. [Monique F.], 129 A.D.3d 638, 639, 13 N.Y.S.3d 33 ; Matter of Arielle Y., 61 A.D.3d 1061, 1062–1063, 876 N.Y.S.2d 529 ). Accordingly, the court erred in terminating the mother's parental rights on the basis of mental illness, and a new fact-finding hearing is required as to the mother (cf. Matter of Arielle Y., 61 A.D.3d at 1062–1063, 876 N.Y.S.2d 529 ).
Next, as to the father's appeal, in proceedings to terminate parental rights based on permanent neglect, the agency must establish as a threshold matter that it made diligent efforts to encourage and strengthen the parental relationship (see Social Services Law § 384–b[7] [a] ; Matter of Sheila G., 61 N.Y.2d 368, 373, 474 N.Y.S.2d 421, 462 N.E.2d 1139 ). The diligent efforts must include reasonable attempts at providing counseling, scheduling regular visitation with the child, providing services to the parents to overcome problems which prevent the discharge of the child into their care, and informing the parents of their child's progress (see Social Services Law § 384–b[7][f] ; Matter of Hailey ZZ. [Ricky ZZ.], 19 N.Y.3d 422, 429, 948 N.Y.S.2d 846, 972 N.E.2d 87 ). Here, the petitioner failed to meet its initial burden of establishing by clear and convincing evidence that it exercised diligent efforts to strengthen the parental relationship between the father and the subject children (see Social Services Law § 384–b[7][a], [f] ). The evidence at the fact-finding hearing failed to establish that the petitioner assisted the father in addressing the important issue of his need to secure stable and suitable housing; assisted the father with enrolling in and completing a second anger management/domestic violence prevention course; or reinstated visitation between the father and the children as soon as practicable after an alleged altercation with an employee of the petitioner resulted in a suspension of visitation. In light of the petitioner's failure to meet its burden of establishing its diligent efforts under Social Services Law § 384–b(7)(a), the Family Court should have, as to the father, denied the petitions and dismissed the proceedings (see Matter of Austin C. [Alicia Y.], 77 A.D.3d 938, 939, 909 N.Y.S.2d 546 ; Matter
of Joshua, 2 A.D.3d 528, 528–529, 768 N.Y.S.2d 491 ).
The parties' remaining contentions are either without merit or academic.