Opinion
80294/14
12-04-2014
In the Matter of the Application of the DISTRICT ATTORNEY OF RICHMOND COUNTY, Petitioner, for an order Pursuant to C.P.L. 190.25(4) permitting the public disclosure of the nature of certain grand jury evidence and the decision of the grand jury.
Timothy Koller, Esq. for the Richmond County District Attorney ex parte application.
Timothy Koller, Esq. for the Richmond County District Attorney ex parte application.
Opinion
STEPHEN J. ROONEY, J.The District Attorney of Richmond County has filed a sealed, ex parte , application for an order authorizing the release of certain limited information regarding the conduct of the grand jury proceedings in the subject presentation. The petitioner does not seek the release of transcripts of grand jury testimony or exhibits.
C.P.L. 190.25(4) provides, in relevant part, that grand jury proceedings are secret, and mandates that no grand juror or public servant authorized to be present during same may, “except in the lawful discharge of his [or her] duties or upon written order of the court, disclose the nature or substance of any grand jury testimony, evidence, or any other decision, result or other matter attending a grand jury proceeding” (See C.P.L. 190.25[3] and 190.75[4] ; Penal Law § 215.70 ).
Here we are concerned solely with disclosure upon the written order of the court, a matter which lies uniquely within the discretion of the court supervising the grand jury (See, State of New York v. Quigley, 59 A.D.2d 825, 826, 399 N.Y.S.2d 734 ), after balancing the relative strengths of the competing interests involved, i.e., the public interest in disclosure versus that of protecting grand jury secrecy (People v. DiNapoli, 27 N.Y.2d 229, 234, 316 N.Y.S.2d 622, 265 N.E.2d 449 ). Accordingly, while the principle of grand jury secrecy is not absolute, neither does the articulation of a claim that there is a public interest to be served guarantee that disclosure will be granted (See, e.g. Matter of Carey [Fischer ], 68 A.D.2d 220, 416 N.Y.S.2d 904 ), even where such disclosure is sought for the sole purpose of protecting the commonweal (See, Matter of District Attorney of Suffolk County, 86 A.D.2d 294, 298, 449 N.Y.S.2d 1004 ). “No less important is the obligation of the judicial branch of government to protect the reputations of persons accused of crime but not indicted or convicted, and to protect the courts investigative machinery. The secrecy of the Grand Jury is jealously guarded because the confidentiality of its proceedings must be insured if it is to continue to be effective” (Matter of Carey, at 229, 416 N.Y.S.2d 904 ). Thus, the seminal issue requiring determination is whether the need to compromise grand jury secrecy is outweighed by a compelling need to allow the public to access the information for which disclosure is sought (See, Matter of District Attorney of Suffolk County, 86 A.D.2d at 298–299, 449 N.Y.S.2d 1004 ). In any such undertaking, it must be noted at the outset that the plain language of the statute in question unequivocally establishes that the need for secrecy is presumed, and that the burden is on the party seeking disclosure to rebut this presumption by asserting sufficient facts to show that the interests claimed outweighs the dangers inherent in violating the secrecy of the grand jury (id. at 299, 449 N.Y.S.2d 1004 ; People v. DiNapoli, 27 N.Y.2d at 235, 316 N.Y.S.2d 622, 265 N.E.2d 449 ). “Consequently, [the] party seeking disclosure will not satisfy [its] burden by simply asserting or even showing, that a public interest is involved. [Rather, he or she] must, by a factual presentation, demonstrate why, and to what extent [disclosure is required] ... to advance the actions or measures taken, or proposed ... to insure that the public interest has been, or will be served” (Matter of District Attorney of Suffolk County, 86 A.D.2d at 299, 449 N.Y.S.2d 1004 ).
Here, the petitioner seeks a limited public disclosure, and most of the material petitioner seeks to publicly disclose has already been widely reported in the media. However, those media reports do not relieve this court of the statutory duty cast upon the judicial branch by C.P.L. 190.25(4) to zealously guard the secrecy of grand jury proceedings, the confidentiality of which is properly assumed by witnesses appearing before that body. In the opinion of the court, such confidentiality must be ensured if the grand jury is to continue to be effective in investigating allegations of e.g., grave misconduct, whether by public officials or private individuals. “Particularly is that so in investigations such as this which are the subject of broad publicity and which are highly sensitive” (Matter of Carey, 68 A.D.2d at 229, 416 N.Y.S.2d 904 ).
The court has reviewed the petitioner's Memorandum of Law, Affirmation and Supplemental Affirmation, which relate in summary fashion the evidence before the grand jury. Upon balancing the competing interests of disclosure and confidentiality in the matter at hand, petitioner has sustained his burden of establishing the existence of facts warranting limited disclosure of certain aspects of this grand jury proceeding in the interest of assuring the public that the relevant evidence was presented to that body, empaneled for the sole purpose of deciding whether reasonable cause existed to charge anyone with a crime in connection with the death of Eric Garner. Somewhat uniquely in this matter, the maintenance of trust in our criminal justice system lies at the heart of these proceedings, with implications affecting the continuing vitality of our core beliefs in fairness, and impartiality, at a crucial moment in the nation's history, where public confidence in the even-handed application of these core values among a diverse citizenry is being questioned. It is from this vantage point that a limited incursion into the sacrosanct principle of grand jury secrecy is deemed necessary to serve overarching public interest. Thus, this court finds that it is in the prudent exercise of the discretion granted to it under C.P.L. 190.25(4) that petitioner's application for leave to disclose certain limited details of the grand jury presentation in this matter is appropriate. Accordingly, the petitioner's application for public disclosure of the nature of certain grand jury evidence and the decision of the grand jury is granted as follows:
The Grand Jury sat for a period of nine (9) weeks.
The Grand Jury heard from a total of fifty (50) witnesses. Twenty-two (22) of the witnesses were civilians, the remaining witnesses were police officers, emergency medical personnel and doctors.
Sixty (60) exhibits were admitted into evidence. They included four (4) videos, records regarding NYPD policies and procedures, medical records pertaining to the treatment of the deceased, photographs of the scene, autopsy photographs
and records pertaining to NYPD training.
The Grand Jury was instructed on relevant principles of law, including Penal Law § 35.30 regarding a police officer's use of physical force in making an arrest.
The Grand Jury voted to file its finding of dismissal with the court in conformity with C.P.L. 190.60 and 190.75.
It is hereby
ORDERED, that petitioner's application remain sealed until further order of this court.
This constitutes the decision and order of the court.