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holding that the rule of statutory mootness "applies even when the debtor has sought a stay, but the stay has been denied."
Summary of this case from Am. Land Acquisition, Corp. v. PergamentOpinion
No. CV-05-3487 (CPS), Case No. 1-01-24227 (DEM).
November 30, 2005.
Stuart P. Gelberg, Garden City, NY, for Debtor/Appellant.
Sheldon Good Co., New York, NY, pro se.
Gregg P. Tabakin, Fein, Such, Kahn Shephard, PC, Parsippany, NJ, Heidi Jan Sorvino, Arent Fox PLLC, New York, NY, for Appellees.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
This case is before the Court on appeal from an order of United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of New York. That decision authorized the auction of four of debtor Aston Baker's properties. Presently before the Court is creditor Galster Capital, LLC's motion to dismiss the appeal based on mootness. For the reasons set forth below, the motion to dismiss is granted.
BACKGROUND
The following facts are drawn from the parties' submissions on this motion and the bankruptcy record on appeal. They are undisputed except where noted.
Debtor Aston Baker ("Debtor") is an individual who owned four parcels of real property: (1) 1980 Campbell Road, Wall Township, New Jersey ("Campbell Road Property"), (2) 135 Old Northwest Road, East Hampton, New York ("East Hampton Property"), (3) 490 New York Avenue, Brooklyn, New York ("490 New York Property"), and (4) 2325 Foster Avenue, Brooklyn, New York ("Foster Avenue Property") (collectively, the "Properties").
On November 15, 2001, Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under Chapter 7 of the Bankruptcy Code. On January 24, 2002, the Bankruptcy Court converted Debtor's Chapter 7 case to a Chapter 11 reorganization case. Since that time until recently, Debtor remained in possession of his assets and continued to manage his business pursuant to Sections 1107 and 1008 of the Bankruptcy Code.
On June 4, 2004, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order confirming Debtor's Chapter 11 Plan of Reorganization (the "Plan"). The Plan provides that the following classes of creditors will be paid in full: (1) administrative creditors, (2) superpriority and secured creditors, (3) tax creditors, and (4) unsecured nonpriority creditors. Section 8.1 of the Plan states, "[t]he Cash created by the deposit into the Escrow Account from the sale of the 1980 Campbell Road and the proceeds of the refinancing of the Debtor's other real properties shall fund the distributions." In order to effectuate the Plan, Debtor was to refinance all of the Debtor's properties with Galster Capital LLC ("Galster") on a short term basis and to sell the Campbell Road Property thereafter in order to satisfy creditor Galster's superpriority mortgage and the mortgages of creditors GreenPoint Mortgage ("GreenPoint") and HomEq Mortgage Corporation ("HomeEq"). In the alternative, Debtor was given the option of withdrawing the Campbell Road Property from sale conditioned upon Debtor obtaining other refinancing within six months.
"This class consists of all of the costs and expenses of administration, including managing agent, consultant, attorneys' and accountant's fees, awarded by the Bankruptcy Court and payment of any quarterly fees due to the Office of the United States Trustee." First Amended Joint Disclosure Statement, May 10, 2004, at 34 (hereinafter "Disclosure Statement").
"The special priority status granted by the court to a creditor for extending credit to a debtor or trustee that cannot obtain unsecured credit from a willing lender," pursuant to 11 U.S.C. 364(c). "This priority may be either an administrative claim outranking other administrative claims or . . . a security interest in property." Black's Law Dictionary 1479 (8th ed. 2004).
This class consists of claims secured by Debtor's assets. Disclosure Statement at 35.
Debtor implemented the plan to the extent of completing the refinancing with Galster and obtaining a loan in the amount of $4.9 million, secured by a superpriority first mortgage lien on the Campbell Road Property and blanket mortgages on the Properties. Debtor was to use rental income from the Properties to make monthly payments on the Galster loan. Galster contends that Debtor failed to make all of the required monthly payments on the loan.
A first mortgage is a "mortgage that is senior to all other mortgages on the same property." Black's Law Dictionary at 1479.
A blanket mortgage is a "mortgage covering two or more properties that are pledged to support a debt." Black's Law Dictionary at 1032.
At a hearing before the Bankruptcy Court on February 17, 2005 (after the expiration of the six month post confirmation option period), Charles Simpson, Esq., counsel to Debtor Aston Baker, ("First Counsel") advised the Bankruptcy Court that the Campbell Road Property had been advertised for sale by auction, but that no bids had been received. He further reported that although as of that date, Galster had received four checks from the Debtor, two of those checks had bounced. In addition, no payments had been made to GreenPoint or HomeEq. First Counsel advised the Bankruptcy Court that the parties had agreed to a thirty day extension of time during which the Debtor would attempt to enter into a private sale for the Campbell Road Property. In the alternative, the property would be referred to auctioneer Sheldon Goode for sale. The United States Trustee stated at that time that if this issue could not be resolved during the thirty day period, the case should be converted into a Chapter 7 liquidation case. See February 17, 2005, Transcript.
At a subsequent hearing before the Bankruptcy Court held more than thirty days later on March 22, 2005, First Counsel reported that Debtor had again failed to sell the Campbell Road Property and that he would be "bringing on an application for the approval of Mr. Hubbard and Sheldon Goode Company's retention for the sale of all of Mr. Baker's properties as had been discussed at the last hearing," including "the property in East Hampton, the two residential buildings in Brooklyn and the property in Wall Township, New Jersey." First Counsel reminded the Bankruptcy Court that "the backup for the sale was an auction of the debtor's properties to be conducted by Sheldon Goode Co., Inc." Mar. 22, 2005, Transcript, at 4.
Thereafter, on May 3, 2005, First Counsel, on behalf of Debtor, filed an application to employ Sheldon Goode Company as auctioneer and to sell the Properties by auction ("Auction Application"). On that same day, the Bankruptcy Court deemed a letter it had received from Aston Baker requesting that Charles Simpson (First Counsel) be relieved as counsel a "Motion to Withdraw as Attorney Charles Simpson." At a hearing on May 12, 2005, the Bankruptcy Court relieved First Counsel as counsel. First Counsel represented Baker at the hearing on that day up until the point he was relieved as counsel by the Bankruptcy Court. See May 12, 2005, Transcript.
At a subsequent hearing held on June 2, 2005, Debtor was represented by Robert Lawler, Esq. Of Wollmuth, Maher Deutsch, LLP ("Second Counsel"), who filed a "Limited Objection to Application for Auctioneer and to Sale of Properties." The Bankruptcy Judge indicated at this hearing that he would be granting the Auction Application authorizing the retention of the auctioneer and the sale by auction of the Properties. On June 20, 2005, by written order, the Bankruptcy Court granted the Auction Application (the "Auction Order"), despite Debtor's "limited objection."
The "limited objection" provided only that the motion to appoint an auctioneer and sell the Properties by auction should be denied or adjourned due to Second Counsel's belief that a proposed lender might be willing to provide sufficient funds to pay in full Baker's obligations to Galster and to satisfy all junior mortgages, and that the lender had agreed to close within days, possibly as early as June 3, 2005.
Two days later, on June 22, 2005, Second Counsel was permitted to withdraw as Debtor's counsel. At a hearing held on June 28, 2005, Gary C. Fischoff, Esq. ("Third Counsel") represented Baker and made an oral request for stay of the sale pending appeal of the Auction Order. The Bankruptcy Court set this application down for hearing on June 30, 2005. At this hearing, Third Counsel withdrew as counsel, and the Bankruptcy Court deemed Debtor's Motion for Stay pending an Appeal a Motion for Reconsideration under Bankruptcy Rule 9024.
On July 8, 2005, the Bankruptcy Court held a hearing regarding Debtor's Motion for Reconsideration of the Auction Order. At this hearing, still another lawyer, Stuart P. Gelberg, Esq., ("Fourth Counsel") appeared for the Debtor. The Bankruptcy Court denied the Motion for Reconsideration. Fourth Counsel made an oral Motion for Stay of the order pending appeal, which the Bankruptcy Court also denied.
On July 26, 2005, the Bankruptcy Court held Debtor in contempt for failing to comply with its direction to produce documents and to turn over rents to Galster. Galster alleges, and Debtor does not dispute, that Debtor again failed to turn over rents to Galster.
On July 13, 2005, Debtor timely filed a Notice of Appeal of the Bankruptcy Court's Auction Order. Debtor argues that the Auction Order constitutes an improper modification of the Plan. On July 26, 2005, Debtor sought, and this Court granted, a temporary stay and directed the parties to show cause why the stay should not be extended pending the disposition of the appeal. On July 28, 2005, I issued a scheduling order for the appeal. Debtor's appeal brief was to be filed on or before September 8, 2005. On August 31, 2005, I denied Debtor's Motion for Stay pending appeal, finding that there was no likelihood of success on the merits. Debtor has filed a Notice of Appeal as to that decision in the Second Circuit Court of Appeals.
On September 27, 2005, the day of the auction, Debtor sought an emergency stay in the Court of Appeals. The Court of Appeals denied the stay. The auction took place as scheduled, and successful bids from good faith purchasers were received on all four properties.
On October 11, 2005, Roy J. Lester ("Fifth Counsel") requested, via facsimile, an extension of time in which to file the appeal brief as to the Auction Order, stating that his office had only recently been retained by Debtor. On October 12, 2005, creditor Galster moved to dismiss Debtor's appeal on the grounds of mootness and failure to prosecute. On October 28, 2005, I issued an amended scheduling order for the appeal, requiring the Debtor to file his appeal brief and response to Galster's motion to dismiss by November 4, 2005.
On October 31, 2005, after notice and hearing, the Bankruptcy Court entered an order approving the sale of the Properties (the "Sale Order") pursuant to 11 U.S.C. § 363(b). The closings for the Properties were scheduled to take place on November 17, 2005.
On November 4, 2005, Fifth Counsel submitted an appeal brief and response to Galster's motion to dismiss the appeal on behalf of Debtor. On November 16, 2005, yet another set of attorneys, Walter Drobenko and Linda F. Fedrizzi, ("Sixth Counsel"), sought, on behalf of Debtor, an order to show cause and emergency stay of the closings pending a new appeal. The closings were set to take place the following day, on November 17, 2005. Sixth Counsel stated that Debtor intended to appeal another decision of the Bankruptcy Court which denied a motion to modify the Plan. Sixth Counsel further claimed that Debtor had secured a lender who was willing to loan him $9,000,000 so that he could pay the creditors without having to sell his properties. The Bankruptcy Court had denied Debtor's motion to modify the Plan and his motion for stay of the closings pending appeal. On November 16, 2005, I denied the application for an order to show cause and emergency stay.
These attorneys failed to file an application for substitution and displacement of attorneys with this Court and stated that they were only retained for the limited purpose of filing the emergency stay motion. Because they had not been substituted as counsel by this Court pursuant to Local Rule 1.4, I declined to sign the order to show cause and stay.
On November 17, 2005, the closings for three of the Properties were set to go forward. The sale of one of the East Hampton Property closed on that day as scheduled. Galster states, and Debtor disputes, that the sale of two other properties (the Campbell Road Property and the Foster Avenue Property) did not close because it was discovered that Debtor had entered into another contract for the sale of the Campbell Road Property in violation of the Auction Order, the Sale Order, and Section 363 of the Bankruptcy Code which requires court approval for sales of estate assets. Galster contends that Debtor's separate contract was discovered because, coincidentally, both purchasers applied for funding at the same bank. When the bank discovered that two separate parties had applied for funds for the same property, it temporarily stopped the issuance of funds in order to clarify the discrepancy. The closings of the Campbell Road Property and the Foster Avenue Property were rescheduled for November 23, 2005; however the closings did not go forward because Debtor failed to appear at the closings.
The sale of the 490 New York Avenue Property was temporarily delayed because the first successful bidder failed to provide the additional deposit as required under the sale agreement. However, a contract with the second highest bidder has already been executed, and the closing on that property rescheduled for November 30, 2005.
Presently before the Court is creditor Galster's motion to dismiss Debtor's appeal of the Bankruptcy Court's Auction Order. Galster argues that the appeal should be dismissed on the grounds of mootness. For the following reasons, Galster's motion to dismiss is granted.
DISCUSSION Jurisdiction
This Court has jurisdiction to hear this appeal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 158(a).
Mootness
It is well established that an appeal is rendered moot if the appellate court is unable to grant any effective relief. See U.S. v. Salerno, 932 F.2d 117, 123 (2d Cir. 1991); Mills v. Green, 159 U.S. 651, 653, 16 S.Ct. 132, 40 L.Ed. 293 (1895); Northwest Environmental Defense Center v. Gordon, 849 F.2d 1241, 1244-45 (9th Cir. 1988); In re Cantwell, 639 F.2d 1050, 1053 (3d Cir. 1981); Miami Center Partnership v. Bank of New York, 820 F.2d 376, 379 (11th Cir. 1987); In re Stadium Management Corp., 895 F.2d 845, 847-848 (1st Cir. 1990); In re Bleaufontaine, 634 F.2d 1383, 1389-90 (5th Cir. 1981); In re Vetter Corp., 724 F.2d 52, 55-56 (7th Cir. 1983); Country Fairways, Inc. v. Mottaz, 539 F.2d 637, 641 (7th Cir. 1976). In the present case, Debtor seeks to overturn the Bankruptcy Court's Auction Order, and thereby invalidate sales of the Properties approved by the Bankruptcy Court pursuant to 11 U.S.C. 363(b).
However, 11 U.S.C. 363(m) states:
The reversal or modification on appeal of an authorization under subsection (b) or (c) of this section of a sale or lease of property does not affect the validity of a sale or lease under such authorization to an entity that purchased or leased such property in good faith, whether or not such entity knew of the pendency of the appeal, unless such authorization and such sale or lease were stayed pending appeal.
It is not disputed that the buyers who purchased the Properties were good faith purchasers. It is also not disputed that Debtor has been unable to obtain a stay of the sale of the Properties pending appeal, despite his numerous attempts in Bankruptcy Court, this Court, and the Court of Appeals.
Courts have uniformly held that if a debtor fails to obtain a stay of a sale of properties, appeal of an order authorizing the sale is rendered moot and must be dismissed once the sale to good faith purchasers has taken place and has been approved. See In re Gucci, 105 F.3d 837, 840 (2d Cir. 1997) ("regardless of the merit of an appellant's challenge to a sale order, we may neither reverse nor modify the judicially-authorized sale if the entity that purchased or leased the property did so in good faith and if no stay was granted") ; see also U.S. v. Salerno, 932 F.2d 117, 123 (2d Cir. 1991); In re Stadium Management Corp., 895 F.2d 845, 847-848 (1st Cir. 1990); In re The Charter Co., 829 F.2d 1054, 1056 (11th Cir. 1987); In re Vetter Corp., 724 F.2d 52, 55-56 (7th Cir. 1983); In re Sax, 796 F.2d 994, 997 (7th Cir. 1986); Matter of Gilchrist, 891 F.2d 559, 560 (5th Cir. 1990) ; In re Magwood, 785 F.2d 1077, 1080 (D.C. Cir. 1986) ; In re Royal Properties, Inc., 621 F.2d 984, 987 (9th Cir. 1980) ; In re Stein Day, Inc., 113 B.R. 157, 162 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 1990); In re Southwest Products, Inc., 144 B.R. 100, 102-103 (BAP 9th Cir. 1992); In re Southwest Products, Inc., 144 B.R. 100, 105 (BAP 9th Cir. 1992). This rule applies even when the debtor has sought a stay, but the stay has been denied. See In re Gucci, 105 F.3d at 840 (holding that "even where an appellant timely moves to stay a judicially-authorized sale, a district court's denial of that motion will similarly limit the issues on appeal"). Moreover, this rule applies even where the debtor believes the sale has been wrongly authorized. See In re Stadium Management Corp., 895 F.2d at 849 ("Section 363(m) does not say that the sale must be proper under § 363(b); it says that the sale must be authorized under § 363(b). . . . [I]t matters not whether the authorization was correct or incorrect"); see also In re Sax, 796 F.2d at 997-98.
Two policy reasons are recognized for such a rule. First, the rule furthers the policy of finality in bankruptcy sales. Second, the rule allows bankruptcy courts to maximize profits from such sales. "Otherwise, potential buyers would discount their offers to the detriment of the bankrupt's estate by taking into account the risk of further litigation and the likelihood that the buyer will ultimately lose the asset, together with any further investments or improvements made in the asset." U.S. v. Salerno, 932 F.2d at 123; see also In re Stadium Management Corp., 895 F.2d at 847-848; In re Onouli-Kona Land Co., 846 F.2d 1170, 1172-73 (9th Cir. 1988); In re Sax, 796 F.2d at 998; In re Vetter Corp., 724 F.2d at 55-56; In re Stein Day, Inc., 113 B.R. at 162; In re Southwest Products, Inc., 144 B.R. at 105.
Debtor attempts to distinguish these cases by arguing that in those cases, the courts issued their rulings after closing, whereas in the present case, closing on three of the properties has not yet occurred. While it is true that, likely owing to the time it takes a case to make its way to the Courts of Appeals, in the majority of the cases cited above the sale closings had already taken place, this distinction is not determinative. In those cases, the courts were not asked to draw a distinction between sales before closings and sales after closing. The critical step is approval by the bankruptcy court, not closing. See, e.g., In re Stadium Management Corp., 895 F.2d at 849; In re Vetter Corp., 724 F.2d at 55-56. Debtor has provided no case law which supports the proposition that appeal of an order authorizing a sale is not moot after approval of the sale but before closing. To the contrary, the courts that have examined this issue have held that the appeal is moot even before closing. See In re Southwest Products, Inc., 144 B.R. at 105 (holding that "the fact that the sale may not be fully consummated does not prevent a determination that the appeal is moot because section 363(m) does not require the purchaser to take irreversible steps consummating the sale before the absence of a stay will render an appeal moot"); see also In re Exennium, Inc., 715 F.2d 1401, 1404 (9th Cir. 1983); In re Royal Properties, Inc., 621 F.2d at 987. "The underlying purposes of the need for finality and the protection of good faith purchasers are implicated regardless of whether the purchaser takes such irreversible steps." In re Southwest Products, Inc., 144 B.R. 105.
In the present case, successful bids have been received on all four Properties, sales contracts have been executed with respect to all four Properties, the Bankruptcy Court has issued an order approving the sales of the Properties pursuant to § 363, the closing of one of the sales has occurred, and the closings of the remaining sales have been scheduled. Accordingly, I conclude that the present appeal is moot and must be dismissed.
CONCLUSION
For the reasons set forth above, Galster's motion to dismiss Debtor's appeal of the Bankruptcy Court's Auction Order is granted.
The Clerk is directed to furnish a filed copy of the within to all parties and to the Bankruptcy Court.
SO ORDERED.