Opinion
No. 25739
Decided July 8, 1936.
Charge to jury — Written request before argument — Unnecessary to cover every branch and feature of case, when — Omitting reference to required degree of proof, not erroneous, when.
1. It is not required that a requested written instruction to a jury before argument shall cover every branch and feature of the case.
2. Such instruction is not erroneous simply because it employs the phrase "if you find" but omits reference to the required degree of proof.
ERROR to the Court of Appeals of Cuyahoga county.
In the Court of Common Pleas the plaintiff, Brumby, filed a petition asking damages for personal injuries he claims to have sustained at about eleven p. m. on the evening of June 26, 1932, when he was struck by the defendant's automobile as it was being driven in a westerly direction at the intersection of Quincy avenue and East 57th street in the city of Cleveland. The plaintiff alleges that he was attempting to cross from the northerly to the southerly side of Quincy avenue in a line with the easterly crosswalk of East 57th street; that he had proceeded a distance of six or seven feet from the northerly curb when he stopped to await the passing of a certain automobile moving westwardly; that the defendant's car was following directly behind this first automobile when suddenly the defendant's driver attempted to pass it on the right; and that in so doing the defendant negligently struck and seriously injured the plaintiff who was unable to escape.
After the issues were joined the case was tried twice. On the first occasion the jury returned a verdict for the plaintiff in the sum of $4250, but the judgment thereon was reversed by the Court of Appeals. The second trial resulted in a verdict for $5000. The judgment was affirmed, and the case is now in this court by reason of the allowance of a motion to certify.
Mr. John H. McNeal and Mr. Harley J. McNeal, for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Young, Meyers Young and Mr. Don J. Young, for defendant in error.
The defendant's numerous assignments of error may well be reduced to two for the purpose of discussion.
The first relates to four written instructions requested by the plaintiff and given to the jury by the court before argument. It is unnecessary to quote each of the instructions inasmuch as the defendant contends that the same error is common to all. Typical is Number 3 which reads as follows:
"The court says to you, as a matter of law, that the statute of the state of Ohio in force and effect on June 26th, 1932, provided as follows:
" 'Sec. 6310-20. (a) The driver of a vehicle overtaking another vehicle proceeding in the same direction shall pass to the left thereof at a safe distance and shall not again drive to the right side of the highway until safely clear of such overtaken vehicle.'
"And I say to you further that if you find, by the greater weight of the evidence, that the defendant's driver in the operation of his taxicab at the time of this accident, did violate this statute then the defendant would be guilty of negligence, and I say to you further that if you find that such negligence was the sole, direct and proximate cause of this accident, then your verdict must be for the plaintiff."
It will be noted that the verb "find" appears twice in this instruction. In the first instance it is followed by the phrase "by the greater weight of the evidence." The gravamen of the defendant's complaint is that likewise in the second instance there should be a repetition of the same or some similar phrase such as "by a preponderance of the evidence." However, a study of the briefs discloses no citation of authority to the effect that an instruction of this sort is prejudicial or even erroneous. On the contrary the plaintiff points out the fact that this court has expressly approved the use of the word "find" without the inclusion of any phrase relating to the degree of proof required. In the cases of Washington Fidelity National Ins. Co. v. Herbert, 125 Ohio St. 591, 183 N.E. 537; Lima Used Car Exchange Co. v. Hemperly, 120 Ohio St. 400, 166 N.E. 364; and Cincinnati Traction Co. v. Young, 115 Ohio St. 160, 152 N.E. 666, this court reversed the judgments below because in each instance there had been a refusal to give a requested instruction employing the verb "find" and omitting any reference whatsoever to the required degree of proof. In the case of Makranczy v. Gelfand, Admr., 109 Ohio St. 325, 142 N.E. 688, this court affirmed the judgment of the Court of Appeals which had approved two requested instructions, each of which used merely the word "find." Of course in the exercise of an abundance of caution it might be well in each instance to insert phraseology relating to the necessary degree of proof, but this is far from suggesting that the omission so to do is either prejudicial or erroneous. In the instant case each of the first three instructions includes the rule as to the degree of proof in at least one of its clauses; and furthermore, there is nothing in the record to indicate a failure of the jury to understand the law involved. It is not contemplated that a requested written instruction to a jury before argument shall cover every branch and feature of the case. Swing, Trustee, v. Rose, 75 Ohio St. 355, 79 N.E. 757.
The second complaint of the defendant presents as little difficulty as the first. He insists that it was error for the court to charge the jury on that part of Section 12603, General Code, relating to the operation of a motor vehicle at a speed greater than will permit it to be stopped within the assured clear distance ahead. This provision was brought to the attention of the jury in the first requested instruction and in the general charge. The defendant contends that this issue was not presented by either the pleadings or the evidence. However, a study of the record and the eight specifications of negligence conclusively shows that this contention is without foundation. Of course such an issue was not consistent with the defendant's theory of the case, but it is equally obvious that the plaintiff had the right to do his own choosing in planning the presentation of his view of the controversy.
The judgment of the Court of Appeals must be affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
STEPHENSON, WILLIAMS, JONES, MATTHIAS, DAY and ZIMMERMAN, JJ., concur.