Opinion
September 29, 1939.
April 18, 1940.
Workmen's compensation — Disability — Total — Burden of proof — Earning power — Evidence — Receipt of wages.
1. Where a claimant seeks to change the terms of a compensation agreement, the burden is upon him to support an allegation that his disability has become total.
2. Before a claimant is entitled to compensation for total disability, it must appear from the evidence, either that he is not able to do even light work of a general character or that remunerative employment in that class of labor is not available to him.
3. Where a claimant is employed and receives wages after he is injured, to sustain an award for total disability it must appear from the evidence that the wages received were wholly unearned.
Appeal, No. 12, Oct. T., 1939, from judgment of C.P. No. 3, Phila. Co., Sept. T., 1938, No. 1225, in case of Patrick Hughes v. H. Kellogg and Sons et al.
Before KELLER, P.J., CUNNINGHAM, BALDRIGE, STADTFELD, PARKER, RHODES and HIRT, JJ. Judgment reversed.
Appeal by defendants from award of Workmen's Compensation Board.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Superior Court.
Appeal dismissed and judgment entered for claimant, opinion per curiam. Defendants appealed.
Errors assigned, among others, related to the action of the court below in dismissing defendants' exceptions.
Louis Wagner, with him Thomas J. Clary and Richard A. Smith, for appellant.
Henry A. Frye, with him Moffett Roth, for appellee.
Argued September 29, 1939.
Claimant in this compensation case had been in the employ of defendant continuously for more than twelve years. His work was manual labor and consisted in distributing merchandise within defendant's warehouse. In the course of his employment a packing case fell from a truck injuring his right leg. He received compensation for total disability for a period of two years ending July 30, 1933 and, by modification of the agreement, for partial disability thereafter for the balance of 300 weeks from the date of the injury, ending July 6, 1937. Before receiving the last payment claimant petitioned for a further modification of the compensation agreement alleging that because of an aggravation of his injury he had become totally disabled "in that he cannot do the only type of labor available for him." After hearing, both the referee and board found that claimant was totally disabled and awarded compensation accordingly. The lower court affirmed, and judgment was entered on the award. This appeal by defendant employer and the insurance carrier followed. The judgment will be reversed.
There is little dispute as to the facts. Claimant returned to work in 1933, about two years after the injury and since that time, has been in the employ of defendant continuously, at a weekly wage of $15. He was so employed at the time of the hearing before the referee. The work that he has been able to do is not the heavy labor which he performed before the injury but consists in light work, cleaning and sweeping the warehouse, and in acting as watchman to prevent stealing, and as a checker of goods. The referee found that about June 1, 1937 claimant's injured leg broke out in new sores and since that time he has been suffering from a traumatic ulcer of the tibia; "That for some time the claimant has been receiving the sum of $15 from his former employers, Kellogg and Sons; that no track is kept of his comings or goings at his place of employment, and that the position which he now has is due to the generosity of his employer and not to the fact that he is able to do anything" and that because of the aggravation of the original injury he has become totally disabled. No new or additional findings were made by the board.
The question whether disability is total or partial is one of fact to be determined in the first instance by the compensation authorities: Byerly v. Pawnee C. Co. et al., 105 Pa. Super. 506, 161 A. 460. And our review is confined to ascertaining whether or not the finding of total disability is sustained by substantial competent evidence. Since claimant sought to change the terms of his agreement, the burden was upon him to support his allegation that his disability has become total: Carson v. Real Estate-Land T. T. Co., 109 Pa. Super. 37, 165 A. 677.
To determine whether a claimant is totally disabled within the meaning of the Workmen's Compensation Act, the true test to be applied is: did the injury deprive him of his earning power? Keiser v. Philadelphia Reading C. I. Co., 134 Pa. Super. 104, 4 A.2d 188. Before this claimant is entitled to compensation for total disability, it must appear from the evidence, either that he is not able to do even light work of a general character or that remunerative employment in that class of labor is not available to him: Consona v. R.E. Coulborn Co. et al., 104 Pa. Super. 170, 158 A. 300; Maishock v. State Workmen's Ins. Fund, 129 Pa. Super. 118, 195 A. 143; Keiser v. Philadelphia Reading C. I. Co., supra.
In the opinion of claimant's physician he is incapable of doing any work which requires him to stand on his feet, without aggravation to the traumatic ulcer. This conclusion upon which the finding of total disability was based, ignores the fact that claimant has been continuously employed since 1933 and that during the period he has been able to do the light work assigned to him. True, the fact that an employee receives wages after he sustains an injury is not controlling on the question of earning power, (Henry v. Pittsburgh Railways Co., 131 Pa. Super. 252, 200 A. 294), and a claimant may recover for total disability notwithstanding an income from sources which do not involve personal services: Keiser v. Philadelphia Reading C. I. Co., supra. But to sustain the award in this case we must find from the evidence that the wages received by claimant were wholly unearned. This we are unable to do. Though claimant was reemployed after the injury by defendant largely from considerations of sentiment and he was not held to definite hours of employment nor to the strict performance of definite duties, yet the services which he has performed have been of value to his employer. Though for sentimental reasons a job was created for claimant, the wages paid him were not gratuitous and work of the kind that he has demonstrated that he is able to do, has been available. The good faith of his employer has not been questioned and it may be assumed that the same opportunity for employment will continue. Claimant therefore cannot be classed as a nondescript: Babcock v. Babcock Wilcox Co. et al., 137 Pa. Super. 517, 9 A.2d 492. We are unable to find substantial evidence supporting the basic conclusion of fact that claimant has been totally disabled. "The proper test is not whether the claimant is able to do exactly the same kind of work as he did before the injury, but whether his earning power is entirely destroyed so that he cannot obtain remunerative employment": Byerly v. Pawnee C. Co. et al., supra.
The judgment is reversed and directed to be entered in favor of the defendant.