Summary
denying substitution where "the plaintiffs failed to establish that they exercised due diligence to discover the identity of the John Doe defendants prior to the expiration of the statute of limitations" and "[t]here [was] no indication in the record that the plaintiffs engaged in any pre-action disclosure or made any Freedom of Information Law requests"
Summary of this case from Morales v. City of New YorkOpinion
2014-05616, Index No. 14024/11.
10-28-2015
Rahiym HOLMES, et al., appellants, v. CITY OF NEW YORK, et al., respondents.
The Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Firm, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Alan L. Fuchsberg, Christopher M. Nyberg, and James M. Lane of counsel), for appellants. Zachary W. Carter, Corporation Counsel, New York, N.Y. (Pamela Seider Dolgow and Elizabeth I. Freedman of counsel), for respondents.
The Jacob D. Fuchsberg Law Firm, LLP, New York, N.Y. (Alan L. Fuchsberg, Christopher M. Nyberg, and James M. Lane of counsel), for appellants.
Zachary W. Carter, Corporation Counsel, New York, N.Y. (Pamela Seider Dolgow and Elizabeth I. Freedman of counsel), for respondents.
L. PRISCILLA HALL, J.P., SANDRA L. SGROI, JEFFREY A. COHEN, and JOSEPH J. MALTESE, JJ.
Opinion In an action, inter alia, to recover damages for personal injuries, etc., the plaintiffs appeal from an order of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Landicino, J.), dated July 25, 2013, which denied their motion pursuant to CPLR 1024 and 3025(b) for leave to amend the complaint to substitute Officer “John” Napolitano (first name being unknown and fictitious), Officer Craig Smith, and Officer Anthony Bagarozza as party defendants in place of John Doe # 1, John Doe # 2, and John Doe # 3, respectively.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, with costs.
On July 11, 2010, the injured plaintiff allegedly sustained severe injuries after he was “clothesline” tackled by a New York City Police Department (hereinafter NYPD) officer and arrested. On June 14, 2011, the injured plaintiff, and his mother suing derivatively, commenced this action, inter alia, to recover damages for personal injuries against, among others, NYPD employees John Doe # 1, John Doe # 2, and John Doe # 3. On or about August 10, 2011, the plaintiffs amended the summons and complaint to identify John Doe # 1 as the officer who performed the clothesline tackle of the injured plaintiff.
In connection with the injured plaintiff's arrest and related criminal prosecution, the People proceeded to trial against him only on one charge of disorderly conduct. The injured plaintiff's criminal trial took place on November 23, 2011, in the Criminal Court of the City of New York, Kings County, and he was found not guilty. The plaintiffs assert that they first learned the names of the individual officers involved in the injured plaintiff's arrest at the criminal trial. Although the one–year–and–90–day statute of limitations applicable to the individual officers expired on October 9, 2011 (see General Municipal Law § 50–i ), on June 7, 2012, the plaintiffs moved pursuant to CPLR 1024 and 3025(b) for leave to amend the complaint to substitute Officer “John” Napolitano (first name being unknown and fictitious), Officer Craig Smith, and Officer Anthony Bagarozza as party defendants in place of John Doe # 1, John Doe # 2, and John Doe # 3, respectively. The Supreme Court denied the motion, and we affirm.
In order to employ the procedural “Jane Doe” or “John Doe” mechanism made available by CPLR 1024, a plaintiff must show that he or she made timely efforts to identify the correct party before the statute of limitations expired (see Comice v. Justin's Rest., 78 A.D.3d 641, 642, 909 N.Y.S.2d 670 ; Bumpus v. New York
City Tr. Auth., 66 A.D.3d 26, 29–30, 883 N.Y.S.2d 99 ; Hall v. Rao, 26 A.D.3d 694, 695, 809 N.Y.S.2d 661 ). “[W]hen an originally-named defendant and an unknown ‘Jane Doe’ [or ‘John Doe’] party are united in interest, i.e. employer and employee, the later-identified party may, in some instances, be added to the suit after the statute of limitations has expired pursuant to the ‘relation-back’ doctrine of CPLR 203(f), based upon postlimitations disclosure of the unknown party's identity” (Bumpus v. New York City Tr. Auth., 66 A.D.3d at 34–35, 883 N.Y.S.2d 99 ). The moving party seeking to apply the relation-back doctrine to a later-identified “Jane Doe” or “John Doe” defendant has the burden, inter alia, of establishing that diligent efforts were made to ascertain the unknown party's identity prior to the expiration of the statute of limitations (see id. at 35, 883 N.Y.S.2d 99 ; Hall v. Rao, 26 A.D.3d at 695, 809 N.Y.S.2d 661 ).
Here, the plaintiffs failed to establish that they exercised due diligence to discover the identity of the John Doe defendants prior to the expiration of the statute of limitations. There is no indication in the record that the plaintiffs engaged in any pre-action disclosure or made any Freedom of Information Law requests (see CPLR 3102[c] ; Public Officers Law art 6; Temple v. New York Community Hosp. of Brooklyn, 89 A.D.3d 926, 928, 933 N.Y.S.2d 321 ; Bumpus v. New York City Tr. Auth., 66 A.D.3d at 33, 883 N.Y.S.2d 99 ). Moreover, there is no indication that the plaintiffs sought assistance from either the Criminal Court or the Supreme Court to learn the identities of the individual officers before the statute of limitations had run (see Temple v. New York Community Hosp. of Brooklyn, 89 A.D.3d at 928, 933 N.Y.S.2d 321 ; Misa v. Hossain, 42 A.D.3d 484, 486, 840 N.Y.S.2d 614 ). Although the plaintiffs maintain that, due to a pending investigation by the NYPD's Internal Affairs Bureau, they did not learn the identities of the subject officers until the injured plaintiff's criminal trial, the plaintiffs' submissions failed to show that they diligently sought to gain access to the records contained in the file for the criminal proceeding prior to the expiration of the statute of limitations.
Under these circumstances, the Supreme Court properly denied the plaintiffs' motion.