De bene esse depositions are essentially trial depositions used in place of a witness' live testimony pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 32(a)(4). Steven Cohen Prods., Ltd. v. Lucky Star, Inc., No. 2:12-cv-01995-GMN-CWH, 2016 WL 1170985, at *5 n. 4 (D. Nev. Mar. 23, 2016); see also Holen v. Jozic, No. C17-1147JLR, 2018 WL 4518699, at *1 (W.D. Wash. Sept. 20, 2018) ("Perpetuation depositions—also known as de bene esse depositions—preserve testimony for use at trial where the witness may be unavailable to attend trial."); White v. Novartis Pharm. Corp., No. CIV-S-06-0665 WBS GGH, 2010 WL 2557198, at *1 (E.D. Cal. June 21, 2010) (noting that de bene esse depositions are "essentially trial depositions pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P 32(a)(4)").