Summary
In Hoe v. Hoe, 84 N.J. Eq. 401, it was held that chancery had not jurisdiction to construe a will, where the question is purely one involving the legal title to land.
Summary of this case from Paterson v. CurrierOpinion
No. 39/64.
04-09-1915
HOE et al. v. HOE et al.
Edward Maxson, of Jersey City, for complainants. Herbert Clark Gilson, of Jersey City, for defendants.
Bill to construe the codicil of a will by George E. Hoe and others against Marion M. Hoe and others. Bill dismissed.
Edward Maxson, of Jersey City, for complainants. Herbert Clark Gilson, of Jersey City, for defendants.
BACKES, V. C. The trustees under the will of William A. Hoe, deceased, filed this bill for a construction of the third codicil of the testator's will, by which he devised to his daughter, Marion M. Watkins, the premises No. 17 Lawnridge road, Orange, N. J., of which she was to have the free use and enjoyment as a home, with the privilege of leasing the same for a term not exceeding two years. She was not to have the right to convey or mortgage during her lifetime, but was given the power to dispose of the estate by will to her issue only. If she failed to appoint by will, the property was to go to her issue. It was also provided that, if she desired to sell during her lifetime, she, with the consent of the executors or trustees of the will, should have the right to do so. The devise was upon condition that she pay the upkeep of the property, and, if she failed to do so, the executors or trustees were to pay the same, and charge the amount against the devisee's income, provided for under the residuary clause of the will. By the residuary clause of his will the testator devised and bequeathed the bulk of his estate to three trustees in trust to pay the net income to his wife for life, and at her death to distribute the remainder among his three children in equal parts. The shares of his two daughters, one of whom is Marion M. Watkins, mentioned in the above codicil, were to be held in trust, to pay the net income to them for life, and at their death the estate was to go to their respective issue. The trustees, in their bill, aver that the codicil is ambiguous; that they are unable to ascertain whether Marion M. Watkins is entitled to an estate in fee simple, or some other kind of an estate in the premises; and that they "Therefore ask the assistance of this court in the construction of the third codicil of the said will."
The complainants' counsel contends that Mrs. Watkins acquired only a life estate, and the latter's counsel insists that his client is possessed of an estate in fee simple. I must decline to determine the issue, on the ground that this court is without jurisdiction, for two reasons: First, because it presents purely a question of legal title to lands, which must be solved in the law courts (Thropp v. Public Service Corporation, Ct. of Errors & Appeals, March term, 1915, 93 Atl. 693); and, second, because the trustees do not present a case that entitled them to the guidance of the court in the administration of their trust estate. They simply ask to be informed whether the devisee under the codicil owns the property devised absolutely, or only for life. They ask for no relief; and, if I should venture an opinion as to the devisee's title, I fail to see what decree could be made binding upon the parties, or controlling upon the trustees in the discharge of their fiduciary duties. In Hoagland v. Cooper, 65 N. J. Eq. 407, 56 Atl. 705, Chancellor Magie examined and settled the question of the jurisdiction of this court when called upon to construe wills. He says:
"Mr. Pomeroy, indeed, declares that the doctrine in harmony with principle and sustained by the weight of authority in this country. is that the special equitable jurisdiction to construe wills is a mere incident of the general jurisdiction over trusts, and that a court of equity will never entertain a suit brought solely for the purpose of interpreting the provisions of a will without any further relief."
The Chancellor gives instances in which the jurisdiction may be invoked, and adds that:
"In no case has it been asserted that the court may be asked and compelled to construe a will except as incident to some relief which may be afforded by a decree. It has been expressly held that the court will not construe wills for the sake of giving counsel and advice to the parties, but only for the purpose of giving positive directions for the action of the trustee."
Upon the argument, I stated substantially the above views, but, as both counsel offered to submit to the jurisdiction and urged me to express an opinion and decree the status of the parties, I have given the matter further consideration, which only strengthens my previous conviction that, under the frame of this bill, the subject-matter is not properly before me, and that the bill must be dismissed.
It may not be inappropriate to suggest to counsel that, as Mrs. Watkins is in possession of the property and claims to be the owner of the fee, she may be able to vindicate her title as against the claims of the remaindermen, or that the trustees, claiming the remainder, may have determined their rights by a bill under the statute entitled "An act to compel the determination of claims to real estate in certain cases, and to quiet the title to the same" (4 Comp. St. 5399), and the further act entitled "An act to compel the determination of claims to estates in remainder in certain cases and to quiet the title to the same" (4 Comp. St. 5404).