Opinion
Civ. No. 19-15593 (RBK)
03-17-2020
ROBERT ELLIS HASTINGS, JR., Petitioner, v. BUREAU OF PRISONS, et al., Respondents.
OPINION
ROBERT B. KUGLER , U.S.D.J.
Petitioner, an inmate incarcerated at FCI Fort Dix, filed a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241, purporting to challenge aspects of his incarceration. The Court has examined the Petition in accordance with Rule 4 of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases, applicable to § 2241 cases through Rule 1(b). For the following reasons, the Court will dismiss the Petition for lack of jurisdiction, without prejudice to any right Petitioner may have to bring a civil rights or declaratory judgment action, in an appropriate court.
Pursuant to Rule 4, if it plainly appears from the petition and any attached exhibits that the petitioner is not entitled to relief, a court must dismiss the petition and direct the Clerk of Court to notify the petitioner. --------
I. BACKGROUND
The Court will construe the factual allegations in the Petition as true for the purpose of this Opinion. The Court gleans from the limited allegations, that in September of 2018, a staff member gave Petitioner an order to step out of her office, and he complied with that order. After "a few moments," he stepped back into the office and asked for a grievance form, intending to allege that the staff member prevented him from attending a religious service. (ECF No. 1-2, at 4).
The staff member again asked him to step out, and Petitioner complied with that order. Nevertheless, the staff member fabricated an incident report alleging that Petitioner did not comply and charged Petitioner with insolence and refusing to obey.
Staff referred the matter to a unit discipline committee ("UDC"), which found Petitioner innocent of the insolence charge but guilty of the refusing to obey charge. The UDC sanctioned Petitioner with a 30-day loss of visitation privileges. Petitioner does not appear to have lost any good-time credits. Petitioner appealed through the administrative remedy system and received a denial at each level.
Petitioner filed the instant Petition under § 2241, alleging that Respondents violated his due process rights. Petitioner seeks relief in the form of monetary damages and the expungement of the disciplinary sanction from his record.
II. DISCUSSION
Federal district courts have a pre-service duty under Rule 4 of the Rules Governing § 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts, which is applicable to § 2241 petitions pursuant to Rule 1(b), to screen and summarily dismiss a habeas petition prior to any answer or other pleading when the petition "appears legally insufficient on its face." McFarland v. Scott, 512 U.S. 849, 856 (1994); see also United States v. Thomas, 221 F.3d 430, 437 (3d Cir. 2000) (explaining that courts may dismiss petitions where "none of the grounds alleged in the petition would entitle [the petitioner] to relief").
Under § 2241(c)(3), "[t]he writ of habeas corpus shall not extend to a prisoner unless . . .. He is in custody in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States." In other words, a petitioner must satisfy: "the status requirement that the person be 'in custody,' and the substance requirement that the petition challenge the legality of that custody on the ground that it is 'in violation of the Constitution or laws or treaties of the United States.'" See, e.g., Wilson v. Montgomery Cty., Pa., No. 09-0371, 2009 WL 1322362, at *4 (D.N.J. May 12, 2009) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 2241(c)(3)) (citing Maleng v. Cook, 490 U.S. 488, 490 (1989)).
"Challenges to the validity of any confinement or to particulars affecting its duration are the province of habeas corpus; requests for relief turning on circumstances of confinement may be presented in a § 1983 [or Bivens] action." Muhammad v. Close, 540 U.S. 749, 750 (2004) (citation omitted). "[U]nless the claim would fall within the 'core of habeas' and require sooner release if resolved in the plaintiff's favor, a prison confinement action . . . is properly brought under § 1983" or a Bivens action. Leamer v. Fauver, 288 F.3d 532, 542 (3d Cir. 2002).
With those principles in mind, the Court finds that Petitioner's claims related to his disciplinary proceedings and resulting loss of visitation privileges do not sound in habeas. A petition for writ of habeas corpus seeks to challenge the fact or length of confinement. Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 491 (1973). Petitioner's challenges to his particular disciplinary proceedings, however, do not challenge the fact or duration of his custody, i.e., his conviction or sentence, as unconstitutional.
Petitioner's sanction did not involve the loss of good-time credits, and consequently, his Petition merely challenges the loss of visitation privileges and the existence of a sanction on his disciplinary record, i.e., a circumstance of his confinement. Cf., Beckley v. Miner, 125 F. App'x 385, 388 (3d Cir. 2005).
Stated differently, because a finding in Petitioner's favor on these claims, such as finding that staff violated his due process rights, granting monetary relief, or expunging his disciplinary record "would not alter [the length of] his sentence or undo his conviction," or otherwise "require his sooner release," he cannot proceed on these claims by habeas petition. Leamer, 288 F.3d at 542; see, e.g., Levi v. Ebbert, 353 F. App'x 681, 681 (3d Cir. 2009).
Accordingly, the Court will dismiss the Petition for lack of jurisdiction, without prejudice to any right Petitioner may have to bring a declaratory judgment or other civil action in an appropriate court.
This Court will not, however, sua sponte recharacterize the Petition as a civil complaint, as there are meaningful differences between the filing of a habeas petition and a civil complaint. The filing fee for a habeas petition is $5.00, and inmates who receive in forma pauperis status do not have to pay the filing fee. Dixon v. Zickefoose, No. 12-2320, 2012 WL 4845661, at *2 n.1 (D.N.J. Oct. 10, 2012) (citing Santana v. United States, 98 F.3d 752 (3d Cir. 1996)). In contrast, the filing fee for a civil complaint is $400.00, but inmates who proceed in forma pauperis are required to pay a $350.00 filing fee from their inmate accounts in automatically deducted monthly installments. Id. (citing 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)). Additionally,
if a prisoner has, on three or more occasions while incarcerated, brought an action or appeal in a federal court that was dismissed as frivolous or malicious, for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or because it seeks monetary relief from immune defendants, then the prisoner may not bring another action in forma pauperis unless he or she is in imminent danger of serious physical injury.Id. (citing 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g)). In light of these differences, the "Court will not sua sponte re-characterize this pleading as a civil complaint." E.g. id.; see also Cohen v. Lappin, 402 F. App'x 674, 676 (3d Cir. 2010) (affirming District Court's determination not to re-characterize a § 2241 petition as civil complaint).
If Petitioner wishes to bring his claims as a civil complaint, he may file a complaint in a new docket number and either prepay the $400.00 filing fee or apply to proceed in forma pauperis.
III. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will dismiss the § 2241 Petition for lack of jurisdiction, without prejudice to any right Petitioner may have to bring a declaratory judgment or other civil action in an appropriate court. An appropriate Order follows. Dated: March 17, 2020
s/Robert B. Kugler
ROBERT B. KUGLER
United States District Judge