Opinion
5 Div. 992.
March 16, 1937. Rehearing Denied April 6, 1937. Affirmed on Mandate June 15, 1937. Rehearing Granted November 9, 1937.
Appeal from Circuit Court, Chilton County; Arthur Glover, Judge.
Willie Harrison was convicted of having carnal knowledge of a girl over twelve and under sixteen years of age, and he appeals.
Reversed and remanded.
Certiorari granted by Supreme Court in Harrison v. State, 235 Ala. 1, 178 So. 458.
Certiorari denied by Supreme Court in Harrison v. State, 235 Ala. 292, 178 So. 460.
"The following charges were refused to defendant:
"B. If you are reasonably satisfied from the evidence in the case that Marie Wright wilfully testified falsely as to any material fact in this case, you may disregard her entire testimony."
"C. If you are reasonably satisfied from the evidence in this case that Marie Wright has been impeached, you may disregard all her evidence."
"K. The Court charges the Jury that in arriving at your verdict you may consider any evidence in the case tending to show Marie Wright was of a bad character prior to December, 1934."
Reynolds Reynolds, of Clanton, for appellant.
Testimony of prosecuting witness that defendant was the father of her child was erroneously admitted. Black v. State, 24 Ala. App. 433, 136 So. 425; Davis v. State, 20 Ala. App. 463, 103 So. 73. Evidence of attempt to compromise the case was inadmissible. Brunson v. State, 26 Ala. App. 255, 157 So. 678; Riddle v. State, 25 Ala. App. 142, 142 So. 680, 682; Id., 225 Ala. 218, 142 So. 682; Bedingfield v. State, 24 Ala. App. 398, 135 So. 656; Graham v. State, 23 Ala. App. 331, 125 So. 200; Vowell v. State, 20 Ala. App. 322, 101 So. 780; Lockett v. State, 218 Ala. 40, 117 So. 457; Faulk v. State, 23 Ala. App. 213, 123 So. 104; Fincher v. State, 211 Ala. 388, 100 So. 657; Burns v. State, 226 Ala. 117, 145 So. 436; Gilbert v. State, 25 Ala. App. 169, 142 So. 682; Wallace v. State, 25 Ala. App. 334, 145 So. 583. The court was in error in submitting to the jury the proposition whether or not there was any evidence of a compromise. Stone v. State, 208 Ala. 50, 93 So. 706; Curry v. State, 203 Ala. 239, 82 So. 489; Burns v. State, supra. Evidence as to cohabitation between prosecuting witness and defendant was erroneously admitted. Noel v. State, 161 Ala. 25, 49 So. 824; Bristow v. State, 23 Ala. App. 560, 129 So. 296; Durell v. State, 23 Ala. App. 307, 124 So. 665; Moore v. Holroyd, 219 Ala. 392, 122 So. 349; Carter v. State, 133 Ala. 160, 32 So. 231; Thompson v. State, 27 Ala. App. 104, 166 So. 440, 441; Swoope v. State, 115 Ala. 40, 22 So. 479; Smith v. State, 13 Ala. App. 411, 69 So. 406, 409; Clark v. State, 21 Ala. App. 597, 110 So. 562; Thomas v. State, 20 Ala. App. 128, 101 So. 93; Herbert v. State, 201 Ala. 480, 78 So. 386. It was error for the court to charge the jury orally that it made no difference in the case whether the prosecuting witness was a woman of bad character. Wicks v. State, 44 Ala. 398; Beavers v. State, 151 Ala. 5, 44 So. 401; Lacy v. State, 13 Ala. App. 267; 69 So. 244, 245.
A. A. Carmichael, Atty. Gen., and Wm. H. Loeb, Asst. Atty. Gen., for the State.
The fact that the girl gave birth to a child is material and relevant as tending to prove the corpus delicti. Black v. State, 24 Ala. App. 433, 136 So. 425; Davis v. State, 20 Ala. App. 463, 103 So. 73. Evidence with respect to a compromise was offered after the matter was first opened up by defendant. Irrelevant testimony is admissible to rebut other irrelevant testimony. Murphy v. State, 14 Ala. App. 78, 71 So. 767. But any error as to this was cured by the action of the court instructing the jury in the matter. Pelham v. State, 23 Ala. App. 359, 125 So. 688.
Appellant was tried and convicted for the offense denounced by section 5411 of the Code 1923. The indictment charged that he did carnally know, or abuse in the attempt to carnally know, Marie Wright, a girl over twelve years of age, and under sixteen years of age, etc. There were four counts in the indictment, all of the same import. No demurrer or other objection was interposed to the indictment. It was proper in form and substance.
On the trial below, the evidence, without dispute, disclosed that at the time of the alleged commission of the offense the girl in question was fifteen years of age. This girl, Marie Wright, was the principal witness for the State, and her testimony tended to make out the State's case as charged in the indictment.
The defendant (appellant) testified as a witness in his own behalf and denied that he had committed the act complained of testified to by the alleged injured party, Marie Wright. This controverted fact was the issue involved in this case.
Each act of carnal knowledge of a girl over twelve and under sixteen years of age is a separate and distinct crime. The testimony of State witness Marie Wright, as to this, was an election on the part of the State, and, as stated, the emphatic denial by the accused formed the sole issue to be tried. Durell v. State, 23 Ala. App. 307, 124 So. 665; Herbert v. State, 201 Ala. 480, 78 So. 386; Marshall v. State, 22 Ala. App. 552, 117 So. 612.
Evidence as to subsequent acts of cohabitation, and other subsequent associations, acts, and occurrences, between the parties were inadmissible, as has been held repeatedly by the appellate courts of this State. On the trial of this case there were numerous rulings of the court in conflict with the rule announced. The evidence should have been confined to the issue involved in this case, and the rulings aforesaid constituted reversible error in practically every instance.
In our case of Davis v. State, 20 Ala. App. 463, 103 So. 73, 74, this court held, in a similar case, it was permissible for the State to offer evidence that the girl in question gave birth to a child, this "for the purpose of proving a crime and fixing the time." It was not error, therefore, for the court to allow such evidence in this case. But here the court went further and permitted, over the objections and exceptions of defendant, testimony by the prosecutrix and others, to the effect that the defendant was the father of her child, and allowed the State likewise to make profert of the child to the jury. These rulings were held to be reversible error in Black v. State, 24 Ala. App. 433, 136 So. 425.
As a result of the court's rulings, a considerable portion of the testimony allowed in this case was as to a purported compromise, or attempt by the accused to compromise this case before the trial was had, but after his arrest upon the charge. It needs no discussion or elaboration on this question to hold that the rulings of the court complained of in this connection were erroneous. The case of Brunson v. State, 26 Ala. App. 255, 157 So. 678, and cases cited, are conclusive upon this point. After much discussion on this question between court and counsel, the record shows the following occurred:
"Thereupon Counsel for defendant stated, 'In as much as Your Honor excluded the testimony as to the compromise, we want at this time to ask Your Honor to declare a mistrial, on the ground that that is not eradicated from the jury — from the mind of the jury; it was permitted to stay in all during the trial, and by Your Honor's statement, you have not gotten it out of the mind of the jury, and cannot do it.'
"Thereupon the Court stated, 'In response to that, I will state I am leaving it to the jury, whether there was any evidence of compromise or not; I don't know whether there is or not, but I am leaving it up to them to decide.' I am leaving that to the jury to decide — if there was such evidence, or if there is such evidence, that is excluded."
The foregoing was not only confusing, bordering upon the anomalous, but was in direct conflict with the elementary proposition of law to the effect that it is the province of the court, not the jury, as to whether there was evidence on a given point or not. The province of the jury is to consider and weigh such evidence as may be submitted to them by the court, and to accord thereto such probative force as in their judgment should be allowed.
Other insistences of error are presented, but we refrain from further discussion as not being essential.
For the errors indicated, the judgment of conviction from which this appeal was taken is reversed and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded.
After Remandment.
The opinion rendered in this case and promulgated by this court on June 15, 1937, is hereby withdrawn and held for naught in order to consider insistences of error not dealt with by this court in our original opinion, and consequently not considered by the Supreme Court on certiorari. In our original opinion we stated: "Other insistences of error are presented, but we refrain from further discussion as not being essential," in view of what has been said.
Upon certiorari to the Supreme Court, the writ was granted, and the case was remanded to the court "for further consideration."
On the trial of this case in the court below, the inquiry should have been confined to the material issues involved, and should not have been extended to matters and questions wholly immaterial and irrelevant which appear to have been allowed over the insistent and strenuous objections and exceptions of the accused. He was not on trial in this case for having abandoned his wife, or for having separated from her; neither was he on trial for having failed to make her a good husband. Yet an appreciable portion of the trial, at the instance of the prosecution, and with the permission of the court, was devoted to inquiries of that character. The several rulings of the court in this connection were manifestly prejudicial to the substantial rights of the defendant and were erroneous. We here quote from the record a few of the questions and answers referred to above. There were numerous others of like import:
"Over the proper objection and exception of appellant, the prosecuting witness, Marie Wright, was permitted to answer the following questions propounded to her: 'Q: Have you separated? Q: How long has it been since you lived with him as his wife? Q: Are you separated from him? Q: When did you separate, if you remember? Q: Do you know what month it was you separated?'
"The witness, Mrs. W. A. Wright, the mother of the prosecuting witness, over the objection of appellant, was permitted to answer the following questions: 'Q: Has Willie and your daughter separated? Q: Since that time (referring to the time when the child was born) where has your daughter been?' "
All of the foregoing, and other questions and answers referred to, had reference to immaterial and irrelevant matters which occurred, if at all, several months subsequent to the time of the alleged criminal act complained of in the indictment.
Several witnesses, after having been duly qualified, testified to the general bad character of Marie Wright, the prosecutrix, for truth and veracity, and stated in this connection they would not believe her on oath in a court of justice. This testimony affected only her credibility as a witness, and no attempt was made, or could have properly been made, as to her character for chastity or virtue. The court in its oral charge, however, stated: "As to the character of this girl, Marie Wright, in this case, it would be immaterial, that is, it wouldn't make any difference whether her character was good or bad, so far as this law involved here against the accused, the duty is placed on a man not to have sexual relations, even though it might be or happened that he could get the consent, a man is not supposed to do it, legally he has violated the law if he does, whether her character is good or bad, is of no importance to you, it is not material; and whether she is chaste or unchaste, or whether she is virtuous or not virtuous, would make no difference in this kind of a case." To the above statement of the court the defendant duly and legally excepted. The exception was well taken. As stated above, no attempt was made, nor could have properly been made, to attack the prosecutrix' character as to chastity. The evidence adduced was properly confined to the question of her credibility as a witness; hence the charge excepted to was misleading, wholly abstract, and was highly prejudicial. In this connection the court refused charges 'B' 'C' and 'K', each of which should have been given under the evidence in this case.
This case rested upon the testimony (as to the main fact) of Marie Wright, the prosecutrix, who testified that defendant had sexual intercourse with her at the time and place mentioned; and upon the testimony of defendant, who denied emphatically that he had committed the act. There were, as stated, several witnesses who testified pro and con touching the character of the prosecutrix as to her truth and veracity. No attempt was made to impeach the defendant by direct testimony, but the solicitor, over objection and exception, was erroneously allowed to try to impeach him upon an immaterial matter as shown by the record, p. 36. It is elementary a witness may not be impeached upon an immaterial matter, as here undertaken. Carter v. State, 133 Ala. 160, 32 So. 231.
The court committed error to a reversal in overruling defendant's motion for a new trial.
The errors hereinabove indicated necessitate a reversal of the judgment of conviction from which this appeal was taken.
Reversed and remanded.