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denying a request for discovery because, among other reasons, plaintiff had not identified the proposed discovery with specificity or explained why it would likely change the court's determination
Summary of this case from Swann v. Office of the Architect of the CapitolOpinion
Jeffrey Howard Leib, Washington, DC, for Plaintiff.
Oliver W. McDaniel, U.S. Attorney's Office, Washington, DC, for Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
COLLEEN KOLLAR-KOTELLY, District Judge.
Plaintiff Sharon M. Harrison (" Harrison" ) brings this employment discrimination and retaliation action against her employer, the Office of the Architect of the Capitol (the " AOC" ). After discovery concluded, the AOC filed a [32] Motion for Summary Judgment. Harrison responded by, among other things, filing a [38] Motion for Relief Pursuant to Federal Rule Civil Procedure 56(f) (" Motion for Relief" ). Despite the title, the Court construes Harrison's Motion for Relief as arising under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(d), which delineates those circumstances under which a party may resist a motion for summary judgment on the basis that she " cannot present facts essential to justify [her] opposition." Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(d). Upon careful consideration of the parties' submissions, the relevant authorities, and the record as a whole, the Court finds that Harrison has failed to carry her burden under Rule 56(d). Accordingly, her [38] Motion for Relief shall be DENIED.
The motion remains pending and will be resolved in a subsequent opinion.
To be precise, Harrison first responded by filing an opposition that failed to comply with the Local Rules of this Court and the directives set forth in the Court's [30] Scheduling and Procedures Order. On July 1, 2011, the Court struck Harrison's original opposition and directed her to submit a revised opposition. See Mem. Order (July 1, 2011), ECF No. [36]. Among other things, the Court addressed Harrison's apparent intention to " oppose [the AOC's] motion on the basis that she has not yet been provided with certain discovery." Id. at 4. In this regard, the Court expressly warned Harrison that, " to the extent [she] intends to oppose [the AOC's] motion on the basis that she ‘ cannot present facts to justify [her] opposition,’ she must support that contention ‘ by affidavit or declaration’ and provide ‘ specified reasons.’ " Id. (citing Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(d)) (notations in original).
Rule 56(d) was formerly designated as Rule 56(f).
Although the Court's decision is based on the record as a whole, its consideration has focused on the following documents: Plaintiff's [43-1] Second Revised Memorandum of Law and Points and Authorities in Support of her Motion for Relief Pursuant to Federal Rule Civil Procedure 56(f) (" Memorandum" ); and Defendant's [41] Reply to Plaintiff's Opposition to Defendant's Motion for Summary Judgment. Although Harrison was allocated until August 22, 2011 to file a reply, the public docket reflects that she elected not do so. See LCvR 7(d); FED.R.CIV.P. 6(d). Accordingly, the motion is fully briefed and ripe for a decision. In an exercise of its discretion, the Court concludes that holding oral argument would not be of assistance in rendering a decision. See LCvR 7(f).
I. LEGAL STANDARD AND DISCUSSION
Harrison seeks relief under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(d), which provides: When Facts Are Unavailable to the Nonmovant. If a nonmovant shows by affidavit or declaration that, for specified reasons, it cannot present facts essential to justify its opposition [to a motion for summary judgment], the court may:
(1) defer considering the motion or deny it;
(2) allow time to obtain affidavits or declarations or to take discovery; or
(3) issue any other appropriate order.
FED.R.CIV.P. 56(d). The decision of whether to grant or deny relief under Rule 56(d) is discretionary and entrusted to the district court. Pardo-Kronemann v. Donovan, 601 F.3d 599, 611-12 (D.C.Cir.2010). Harrison, as the party seeking relief under Rule 56(d), bears the burden of making the required " showing." That is, Harrison must demonstrate " that, for specified reasons, [she] cannot present facts essential to justify [her] opposition" to the AOC's Motion for Summary Judgment. FED.R.CIV.P. 56(d). For at least five separate reasons, any one of which is sufficient to deny the relief sought, the Court finds that Harrison has failed to discharge her burden.
First, a party seeking relief under Rule 56(d) must identify the additional discovery she would seek to oppose a motion for summary judgment " concretely" and with " sufficient particularity." See Strang v. U.S. Arms Control & Disarmament Agency, 864 F.2d 859, 861 (D.C.Cir.1989); Messina v. Krakower, 439 F.3d 755, 762 (D.C.Cir.2006). Here, Harrison never identifies the discovery she wants with any meaningful measure of specificity. Indeed, it is not even clear from Harrison's vague and disjointed submission whether she even wants any additional discovery. Throughout her Motion for Relief, Harrison complains that the AOC should have produced a copy of a report prepared by the AOC's Office of Inspector General in connection with an investigation into allegations raised by Harrison (the " OIG Report" ) during discovery in this case, and faults the AOC for failing to provide her with updates as to the progress of the investigation. See Pl.'s Mem. at 5-8. However, by the time Harrison filed her opposition to the AOC's Motion for Summary Judgment in this case, Harrison already had a copy of the OIG Report because it had been filed in a related civil action almost four months earlier. See Report of Investigation OIG-I-10-05, Harrison v. Office of the Architect of the Capitol, Civil Action No. 11-00420(CKK) (D.D.C.), ECF No. [12]. In fact, in her opposition to the AOC's Motion for Summary Judgment in this case, Harrison actually relies upon the OIG Report. See Pl.'s Mem. at 38-40. In short, the OIG Report was not " unavailable" to Harrison at the time she filed her opposition and, as a result, it cannot serve as a basis for relief under Rule 56(d). Meanwhile, to the extent Harrison intended to suggest that she might have sought additional discovery in this action had the OIG Report been available sooner, she was obligated under Rule 56(d) to specifically identify that discovery. Because she has completely failed to do so, her Motion for Relief fails on this basis alone. Cf. Dunning v. Quander, 508 F.3d 8, 9 (D.C.Cir.2007) ( per curiam ) (finding the plaintiff's suggestion that he would take depositions of the decision-makers involved in the challenged employment action to be insufficiently particularized to support relief under Rule 56(d)).
Second, and in a similar vein, a party seeking relief under Rule 56(d) must articulate a plan for obtaining the discovery alleged to be unavailable. See Garcia v. U.S. Air Force, 533 F.3d 1170, 1180 (10th Cir.2008). In this regard, Harrison's Motion for Relief does not even allude to, let alone articulate, a specific, non-objectionable discovery request. Because Harrison's submission is devoid of a single concrete request for additional discovery, her Motion for Relief fails on this separate, independent basis. See Estate of Parsons v. Palestinian Auth., 715 F.Supp.2d 27, 35 (D.D.C.2010) (providing that a party seeking relief under Rule 56(d) cannot rely upon " a generalized request to conduct discovery" but must identify what " further specified discovery" is needed), aff'd, 651 F.3d 118 (D.C.Cir.2011).
Third, a party seeking relief under Rule 56(d) must establish that the discovery she seeks is " essential to justify [her] opposition." FED.R.CIV.P. 56(d). Stated somewhat differently, a party must show that the requested discovery, if obtained, " would alter the court's determination." Cheyenne Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma v. United States, 558 F.3d 592, 596 (D.C.Cir.2009). In this case, because Harrison fails to discharge her threshold burden of specifically identifying what discovery is needed, she also fails to explain why that discovery would be " essential" in opposing the AOC's Motion for Summary Judgment in this case. Her failure to do so is particularly problematic because Harrison actually references and relies upon the contents of the OIG Report in her opposition. See Pl.'s Mem. at 38-40. Indeed, in her view, the OIG Report constitutes " direct evidence" of discriminatory animus on the part of Stephen P. Hayleck, the focus of many of Harrison's allegations in this case. Id. at 39. And yet, Harrison never specifically identifies what other evidence she would seek above and beyond the OIG Report and then articulate why it is " essential" to her opposition. Absent that showing, so far as the Court is concerned, any additional evidence might very well be immaterial, cumulative, or otherwise not " essential." Accordingly, Harrison's Motion for Relief fails on this separate, independent basis. Cf. Carpenter v. Fed. Nat'l Mortg. Ass'n, 174 F.3d 231, 237-38 (D.C.Cir.) (concluding that the district court acted within its discretion in denying additional discovery under Rule 56(d) where the plaintiff failed to identify what new facts could be obtained to support her theory of pretext), cert. denied, 528 U.S. 876, 120 S.Ct. 184, 145 L.Ed.2d 155 (1999); Moses v. Dodaro, 774 F.Supp.2d 206, 215-16 (D.D.C.2011) (finding that the plaintiff's contention that discovery would demonstrate discrimination was insufficient to warrant additional discovery).
Fourth, and on a similar note, a party seeking relief under Rule 56(d) may not rely on speculation that discovery will produce material evidence. Nat'l Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, Pa. v. Stroh Cos., Inc., 265 F.3d 97, 117 (2d Cir.2001). Rather, she must adduce " support for the proposition that discovery would have produced the evidence she anticipated." Messina, 439 F.3d at 763 n. 6. In this case, because Harrison fails to discharge her threshold burden of specifically identifying what discovery is needed, she also fails to demonstrate that additional discovery would, at the very least, be likely to uncover evidence essential to her opposition to the AOC's Motion for Summary Judgment. Accordingly, her Motion for Relief also fails on this separate, independent basis.
Fifth, and finally, the showing required by Rule 56(d) must be made " by affidavit or declaration." FED.R.CIV.P. 56(d). The affidavit or declaration itself must " identify ... the specific facts that further discovery would reveal, and explain why those facts would preclude summary judgment." Tatum v. City & Cnty. of San Francisco, 441 F.3d 1090, 1100 (9th Cir.2006); see generally 11-56 James Wm. Moore et al., MOORE'S FEDERAL PRACTICE §§ 56.100, 56.101 (3d ed. 1999) (identifying what the affidavit or declaration should include). In this case, Harrison has personally executed a declaration in support of her Motion for Relief. See Revised Decl. of Pl. Sharon M. Harrison, ECF No. [43-1]. However, Harrison's declaration merely faults the AOC for failing to provide her with updates as to the progress of the investigation. See id. ¶ ¶ 141-152. It does not identify the specific facts that further discovery would reveal or explain why those facts would preclude summary judgment. Accordingly, her Motion for Relief fails on this separate, independent basis.
II. CONCLUSION AND ORDER
For the reasons set forth above, it is, this 29th day of March, 2012, hereby
ORDERED that Harrison's [38] Motion for Relief is DENIED.
SO ORDERED.