Opinion
No. 42250.
October 1, 1962.
1. Homicide — assault with intent to kill — erroneous instruction.
Instruction, permitting conviction of defendant for assault and battery with intent to kill person who was in no danger of losing his life, was erroneous.
2. Homicide — same — same.
Instruction, permitting jury to find defendant guilty of felonious assault with intent to kill was made upon prosecuting witness "at the hands of any other person being then and there present", was erroneous.
3. Criminal law — instructions — misdirection of jury warranted reversal.
In view of fact that properly instructed juries had theretofore not agreed to convict defendant, erroneous instructions would have to be deemed to have been prejudicial.
Headnotes as approved by Rodgers, J.
APPEAL from the Circuit Court of Jasper County; HOMER CURRIE, J.
Crisler, Crisler Bowling, Jackson, for appellant.
I. The motion for continuance should have been sustained. Eastland v. State, 223 Miss. 195, 78 So.2d 127; Hoggett v. State, 99 Miss. 844, 56 So. 172; Johnson v. State, 108 Miss. 709, 67 So. 177; Sullivan v. State, 150 Miss. 204, 116 So. 612.
II. The Court committed error in granting the following instruction: "The Courts instructs the jury for the State that if you believe from all of the evidence in this case, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant, Dick Harris, was wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously pursuing Tommie Dean with a deadly weapon, to-wit: a knife, with the intention of effecting the death of the said Tommie Dean, without authority of law, and not in his necessary or apparent self-defense, and at a time when the said Tommie Dean was in no imminent danger of losing his life or suffering great bodily harm at the hands of the defendant, Dick Harris, then it is your sworn duty to convict the said defendant, Dick Harris, and this is true even though the defendant did not succeed in his efforts to kill the said Tommie Dean."
III. The Court committed error in granting the following instruction: "The Court instructs the jury for the State that if you believe from all of the evidence in this case beyond every reasonable doubt that the defendant, Dick Harris, made a felonious assault with a certain deadly weapon, to-wit: a shovel handle upon the person of Tommie Dean with the felonious intent and of his malice aforethought then and there to kill and murder the said Tommie Dean, or at the hands of any other person or persons being then and there present, then it is your sworn duty to find the defendant guilty as charged."
G. Garland Lyell, Jr., Asst. Atty. Gen., Jackson, for appellee.
I. The trial court did not err in refusing the third continuance. Bishop v. State (Miss.), 17 So.2d 441; Dean v. State, 234 Miss. 376, 106 So.2d 501; Eastland v. State, 223 Miss. 195, 78 So.2d 127; Eslick v. State, 238 Miss. 666, 119 So.2d 355; Hoggett v. State, 99 Miss. 844, 56 So. 172; Holmes v. State, 242 Miss. 407, 134 So.2d 485; Johnson v. State, 108 Miss. 709, 67 So. 177; Lipscomb v. State, 76 Miss. 223, 25 So. 158; Miller v. State, 207 Miss. 156, 41 So.2d 375; Miller v. Wiggins, 338 U.S. 844, 94 L.Ed. 516, 70 S.Ct. 93; Ogden v. State, 174 Miss. 119, 164 So. 6; Poole v. State, 229 Miss. 176, 90 So.2d 212, 358 U.S. 988, cert. den. 1 L.Ed.2d 1144, 77 S.Ct. 1286; Stokes v. State, 240 Miss. 453, 128 So.2d 341; Sullivan v. State, 150 Miss. 204, 116 So.2d 612; Trimm v. State (Miss.), 33 So. 718.
II. The trial court did not err in granting the two instructions complained of. Brooks v. State, 178 Miss. 575, 173 So. 409; Cain v. State, 135 Miss. 892, 100 So. 579; Garrard v. State, 25 Miss. (3 Cush.) 469, 1 Mor. St. Cas. 657; Haney v. State, 199 Miss. 568, 24 So.2d 778; Knight v. State (Miss.), 57 So.2d 161; Reed v. State, 237 Miss. 23, 112 So.2d 533; Smith v. State (Miss.), 6 So.2d 134; Stewart v. State, 179 Miss. 31, 174 So. 579; Toler v. State (Miss.), 53 So.2d 5.
This case came to this Court from the Circuit Court of Jasper County, Mississippi, in which appellant was indicted, convicted and sentenced to serve a term of seven years in the state penitentiary, for the crime of assault and battery with intent to kill and murder one Tommie Dean.
There is no transcript of the testimony taken in the trial court in the record filed here on appeal. The record does, however, reveal that appellant, Dick Harris, and his son, Don Harris, were jointly indicted, and that a severance was ordered by the trial court at the August Term 1959. A motion for continuance was filed by Don Harris, in which he stated, in substance, that his father (appellant here) was sick and that if he were present his father would testify that he was being assaulted by the prosecuting witness, and that Don Harris, the son, engaged in combat with the prosecuting witness. The appellant's son has not been tried, but appellant has been tried three times. The first and second trials of appellant resulted in mistrials, and in each of these trials the defendant presented and obtained several instructions fully informing the jury that he was not guilty if he did not know that his son, Don Harris, was cutting the prosecuting witness, and did not aid and abet in the alleged assault. In the final trial no instructions were granted in which this issue was submitted to the jury. The record further reveals that after the conviction of appellant motion for a new trial was filed by an attorney other than the one who originally represented the defendant. The motion sets out that "the defendant's constitutional rights were deprived by being forced to go to trial without counsel because of his physical condition." After having heard the evidence, the trial court overruled this motion.
The issue to be determined here is whether or not two instructions granted to the State were so erroneous and prejudicial as to require a reversal of this case.
Appellant assigns as error refusal of the trial court to grant a continuance, but, in view of our conclusion with reference to the granting of the following instructions, we do not consider this assignment, except insofar as it aids us in our determination of the issue presented by the instructions granted to the State of Mississippi by the trial court.
The first instruction complained of by appellant is in the following language: "The Court instructs the jury for the State that if you believe from all of the evidence in this case, beyond a reasonable doubt, that the defendant, Dick Harris, was willfully, unlawfully and feloniously pursuing Tommie Dean with a deadly weapon, to-wit: a knife, with the intention of effecting the death of the said Tommy Dean, without authority of law, and not in his necessary or apparent self-defense, and at a time when the said Tommie Dean was in no imminent danger of losing his life or suffering great bodily harm at the hands of the defendant, Dick Harris, then it is your sworn duty to convict the said defendant, Dick Harris, and this is true even though the defendant did not succeed in his efforts to kill the said Tommie Dean." (Emphasis supplied.)
The second instruction complained of is in the following language: "The Court instructs the jury for the State that if you believe from all of the evidence in this case beyond every reasonable doubt that the defendant, Dick Harris, made a felonious assault with a certain deadly weapon, to-wit: a shovel handle upon the person of Tommie Dean with the felonious intent and of his malice aforethought then and there to kill and murder the said Tommie Dean, or at the hands of any other person or persons being then and there present, then it will be your sworn duty to find the defendant guilty as charged." (Emphasis supplied.)
(Hn 1) The form of the first instruction mentioned above began to appear in the reports of this Court as early as the year 1907 in the case of Canterberry v. State, 90 Miss. 279, 43 So. 678. See Page 681. It has been modified from time to time so as to meet the criticism of the Supreme Court. See Daniels v. State, 196 Miss. 328, 17 So.2d 793. All of these instructions mentioned in cases heretofore point out that the assault was made at a time when he, the defendant, was in no danger of losing his own life or suffering great bodily harm at the hands of the prosecuting witness. This instruction complained of here permits the conviction of defendant for an assault and battery with intent to kill and murder a person who was in no danger of losing his life. The instruction was erroneous.
(Hn 2) The second instruction, supra, was also palpably erroneous because it charges the jury to find the defendant guilty if a felonious assault with intent to kill and murder was made upon the prosecuting witness " at the hands of any other person being then and there present." Cf. Prine v. State, 192 Miss. 726, 7 So.2d 555.
The fine brief of the Attorney General points out that this Court has repeatedly held that it will not reverse a case because of irregularity of any one particular instruction, unless it affirmatively appears from the record as a whole that the judgment resulted in a miscarriage of justice. Reed v. State, 237 Miss. 23, 112 So.2d 533; Toler v. State, 53 So.2d 5 (Miss.); Knight v. State, 57 So.2d 161 (Miss.); Haney v. State, 199 Miss. 568, 24 So.2d 778.
(Hn 3) We have concluded from an examination of the record that this case comes within the exception to the rule cited by the Attorney General. It is apparent that the instructions complained of cannot be considered to be harmless, nor were they cured by other instructions. The defendant obtained no instructions presenting his defense to the jury. The first instruction, supra, was properly drawn in the first two trials, and the juries did not agree to convict the defendant. It is apparent to us that the misdirection of the trial jury in this case was harmful and prejudicial, and that a new trial should be awarded.
The judgment of the lower court will therefore be reversed, and the case remanded for a new trial.
Reversed and remanded.
Lee, P.J., Kyle, Ethridge and McElroy, JJ., concur.