Opinion
October 20, 1998
Appeal from the Supreme Court, New York County (Beverly Cohen, J.).
Plaintiff in this medical malpractice action alleges that he suffered visual and directional impairment by reason of an improperly performed embolization procedure. The procedure was performed by nonparty Doctors Hilal and Sane at the facilities of defendant Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center. It is undisputed that defendant Dr. Stein, the referring neurosurgeon, did not participate in the embolization procedure.
We cannot agree with the motion court that the evidence submitted by defendant Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in support of its cross motion for summary judgment sufficed to demonstrate the absence of triable issues. Specifically, while it may be true that the doctors who performed the embolization procedure upon plaintiff were not actual hospital employees, that, circumstance alone is not dispositive of the hospital's liability ( see, Hill v. St. Clare's Hosp., 67 N.Y.2d 72, 79; Delprete v. Victory Mem. Hosp., 191 A.D.2d 673; Cardoza v. Lawrence Hosp., 216 A.D.2d 254). Even in the absence of an employment relationship between the doctors and the hospital, the hospital may still be vicariously liable for the doctors' malpractice if the doctors acted as agents of the hospital or if the hospital exercised control over them ( see, Hill v. St. Clare's Hosp., supra, at 80; Mduba v. Benedictine Hosp., 52 A.D.2d 450, 452). Defendant Medical Center adduced no evidence to negate the possibility that the doctors who performed the procedure upon plaintiff were in fact its agents or that they acted under its control. There are also issues of fact as to whether vicarious liability may be imposed against the hospital on the basis of an "ostensible agency" or agency by estoppel theory ( Santiago v. Archer, 136 A.D.2d 690, 691; Augeri v. Massoff, 134 A.D.2d 308; Mduba v. Benedictine Hosp., supra).
We agree, however, with the motion court that there is no evidence raising a triable issue sufficient to sustain the malpractice claims alleged against Dr. Stein relating to the embolization procedure itself. Although there are factual issues as to whether plaintiff was sufficiently advised by Dr. Stein to make an informed judgment as to whether to undergo the embolization procedure, and as to whether Stein was negligent in the care of plaintiff after the procedure, Stein was not present at and did not participate during the procedure itself and, as a mere referring physician, he may not be held responsible for malpractice committed by the doctors who actually performed the procedure ( see, Graddy v. New York Med. Coll., 19 A.D.2d 426; Arshansky v. Royal Concourse Co., 28 A.D.2d 986). A question of fact is raised as to management of the patient by Dr. Stein during the five days after the procedure.
Concur — Lerner, P.J., Milonas, Wallach and Rubin, JJ.