Opinion
No. 8510IC1272
Filed 17 June 1986
Master and Servant 77.1 — workers' compensation — award for permanent partial disability of the back — use of legs impaired — Commission's failure to consider error Plaintiff, who had been given an award for permanent partial disability of the back, was entitled to have the Deputy Commissioner and the full Industrial Commission consider his referred pain to the extremities of the body in determining whether he had sustained a change of condition under N.C.G.S. 97-47, and the Deputy Commissioner should have taken into account impairment of the use of plaintiffs legs in determining whether plaintiff had become totally disabled and entitled to compensation under N.C.G.S. 97-29.
APPEAL by plaintiff from opinion and award of the North Carolina Industrial Commission entered 4 September 1985. Heard in the Court of Appeals 17 April 1986.
Whitesides, Robinson, Blue and Wilson, by Henry M. Whitesides, for plaintiff appellant.
Hedrick, Eatman, Gardner, and Kincheloe, by Mel J. Garofalo and Nancy S. Davenport, for defendant appellee.
Plaintiff appeals from an opinion and award finding that he had not sustained a substantial change in condition from the time of an initial opinion and award filed 8 March 1982. The findings from the 8 March 1982 opinion and award show, in pertinent part, that:
In April 1979, in the course of his employment with defendant-employer, plaintiff injured his back when he twisted it while handling pipe in a ditch. Plaintiff returned to work on various occasions shortly after the accident, but found that his difficulty with his back prevented him from working. Plaintiff saw two doctors, Dr. Neimeyer and Dr. Joyce, both orthopedic surgeons. Dr. Neimeyer diagnosed plaintiff as suffering from spondylolisthesis with acute lumbosacral strain and later performed surgery wherein he removed part of the vertebrae at the L-5 level, excised the disc and performed a two-level fusion.
Each doctor concluded that plaintiff had a 30% permanent partial disability of his back. Dr. Joyce concluded further that due to plaintiff's back injury there was only a "possibility" that he could return to gainful employment.
From these findings the Commission determined that plaintiff was entitled to temporary total disability from 25 April 1979, the date of injury, to 6 February 1981, the date he reached maximum medical improvement. The Commission concluded further that plaintiff also was entitled to compensation for an additional ninety weeks for a 30% permanent partial disability of the back. Neither party appealed from this opinion and award.
On 3 February 1983 plaintiff sought additional compensation for a substantial change in condition. At the hearing plaintiff presented evidence that he continues to have significant leg and back pain. Dr. Neimeyer testified that plaintiff's condition had substantially changed for the worse between February 1981 and December 1983. Of particular concern to Dr. Neimeyer was "the discomfort [plaintiff reports] persists at times in his leg which would indicate . . . that there has still been some pinching of a nerve in the leg." Dr. Neimeyer related a particular incident when plaintiff bent over to pick up something light and felt such a severe pain in the back and in both the right and left legs that he had to be brought to the doctor's office by ambulance because of his discomfort, spasm and immobility. Dr. Joyce testified that while in 1981 he felt that plaintiff might improve enough to return to work, his opinion at the time of the subsequent hearing was that plaintiff had not improved, was not going to improve and would not be able to return to work.
Based on the foregoing evidence the Deputy Commissioner found that although plaintiff had continued to have severe and persistent leg and back pain and this pain had worsened since his last rating in that it was more intense, severe, and frequent, he nevertheless had not sustained a substantial change in condition. In her comment the Deputy Commissioner stated:
It is clear that plaintiff is totally disabled; however, under the Workers' Compensation Act, as long as an injury can be rated to a part of the body, e.g. the back, leg, arm, etc., the claimant is limited to those benefits and cannot receive total disability unless multiple parts or systems of the body are permanently impaired.
A majority of the full Commission adopted the opinion of the Deputy Commissioner. Commissioner Clay dissented. Plaintiff appeals.
Plaintiff contends the Deputy Commissioner and the full Commission should have considered his referred pain to the extremities of the body in determining whether he has sustained a change of condition under N.C. Gen. Stat. 97-47. We agree.
"When . . . an injury to the back causes referred pain to the extremities of the body and this pain impairs the use of the extremities, then the award of workers' compensation must take into account such impairment." Fleming v. K-Mart Corp., 312 N.C. 538, 546, 324 S.E.2d 214, 218-19 (1985). See also Kendrick v. City of Greensboro, 80 N.C. App. 183, 341 S.E.2d 122 (1986). In Fleming the Court, upholding an award by the Commission, held that a disabled plaintiff suffering from "chronic back and leg pain" as a result of a work-related injury to the back could not be fully compensated under N.C. Gen. Stat. 97-31 (23) and was entitled to compensation under N.C. Gen. Stat. 97-29. Id.
It is clear from the Deputy Commissioner's comment that she did not apply the legal standard set forth in Fleming to the findings here, and thus, as stressed in the dissent, that she based her determination on a misapprehension of the law. Specifically, the Deputy Commissioner failed to take into account impairment of the use of plaintiff's legs in determining whether plaintiff is now totally disabled and entitled to compensation under N.C. Gen. Stat. 97-29, as mandated by Fleming.
Defendants contend that Fleming is inapplicable because the issue there did not concern whether the plaintiff had sustained a substantial change in condition. Defendants are partially correct in that a determination that an injured plaintiff is entitled to compensation under N.C. Gen. Stat. 97-29 under the Fleming standard does not, in and of itself, compel a conclusion that such plaintiff has sustained a substantial change of condition under N.C. Gen. Stat. 97-47. There still must be a determination that there has been a substantial change in the injured employee's condition, i.e., a change in his or her capacity to earn wages. See Edwards v. Smith Sons, 49 N.C. App. 191, 192-93, 270 S.E.2d 569, 570 (1980), disc. rev. denied, 301 N.C. 720, 274 S.E.2d 228 (1981).
In Hubbard v. Burlington Industries, 76 N.C. App. 313, 316, 332 S.E.2d 746, 748 (1985), this Court held that "[w]hen the . . . Commission finds on one occasion that a person is permanently partially disabled and on a later occasion finds[,] based on additional evidence[,] that the person is totally disabled[,] this supports a finding of a change in condition." A situation similar to that in Hubbard exists here in that the first opinion and award determined plaintiff to be permanently partially disabled and the Deputy Commissioner subsequently determined, based on competent evidence in the record, that plaintiff is now "totally disabled."
"`When, as here, facts are found by the Commission under a misapprehension of the law, we are empowered to remand the case so that the evidence may be considered in its true legal light.'" Wagoner v. Douglas Battery Mfg. Co., 80 N.C. App. 163, 164, 341 S.E.2d 120, 122 (1986), quoting Cauble v. Macke Co., 78 N.C. App. 793, 795, 338 S.E.2d 320, 322 (1986). Accordingly, the opinion and award are reversed and the cause is remanded to the Industrial Commission to make findings of fact and conclusions of law consistent with this opinion. Specifically, the Commission should take into account impairment of the use of plaintiff's legs as mandated by Fleming, supra. We further note that should the Commission, applying Fleming, determine that plaintiff is totally disabled and entitled to compensation under N.C. Gen. Stat. 97-29, plaintiff will have sustained a substantial change of condition. Hubbard, supra.
Reversed and remanded.
Judges ARNOLD and JOHNSON concur.