Opinion
October 5, 1992
Appeal from the Court of Claims (Weisberg, J.).
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed, with costs.
The claimant was employed from September 1982 until May 1985 as a full-time staff psychiatrist at South Beach Psychiatric Center (hereinafter South Beach) on Staten Island, a State psychiatric facility operated by the New York State Office of Mental Health (hereinafter OMH). At the commencement of her employment, the claimant was provided with OMH's policy manual, which stated that prior approval must be obtained by any psychiatrist-employee who wished to engage in outside employment. The claimant signed a form at that time indicating that she had read the manual and understood the State's outside employment policies.
In February 1985 the claimant signed an updated form, indicating that she did not engage in any outside employment. In fact, her supervisors at South Beach discovered that the claimant was performing paid services as a consultant and a neurologist at two other institutions in the Staten Island area at the time. She sometimes even provided these services when she was supposed to be working at her full-time position, or participating in approved continuing medical education courses. On May 1, 1985, the claimant's immediate supervisor confronted her at work at one of the other institutions and threatened to suspend her for her actions. Rather than have her record tainted with a suspension, the claimant offered to resign and tendered her handwritten resignation, which was accepted that very day.
Several weeks later, the administrative head of her former unit at South Beach wrote a letter clarifying the circumstances of the claimant's resignation. The letter was distributed by intra-office mail to the entire psychiatric staff of South Beach, including those psychiatrists located at branch facilities. The claimant contends that the letter was defamatory. The court dismissed the claim, finding that the statements in the letter, although arguably defamatory, were substantially true and that they were further protected by a qualified privilege. We agree.
Truth is a complete defense to an action for libel, regardless of the harm done by the statements (see, Bingham v Gaynor, 203 N.Y. 27; De Gregorio v CBS, Inc., 123 Misc.2d 491). Provided that the defamatory material on which the action is based is substantially true, as is the case here, the claim to recover damages for libel must fail (see, Rinaldi v Holt, Rinehart Winston, 42 N.Y.2d 369, 383, cert denied 434 U.S. 969).
With respect to the protection from defamation afforded to a communication by the qualified privilege, such a privilege is applicable where, as here, the person making the statements does so fairly in the discharge of a public or private duty in which the person has an interest, and where the statement is made to a person or persons with a corresponding interest or duty (see, Buckley v Litman, 57 N.Y.2d 516, 518-519; Toker v Pollak, 44 N.Y.2d 211, 219; Shapiro v Health Ins. Plan, 7 N.Y.2d 56, 60-61; Hollander v Cayton, 145 A.D.2d 605, 606; see also, Kasachkoff v City of New York, 107 A.D.2d 130, 134, affd 68 N.Y.2d 654 [employer-supervisor and employee-psychologist context, as in the present case]).
Moreover, not only do the statements at issue withstand the duty-interest analysis, but it is also clear that they were not motivated by actual malice, i.e., "`"personal spite or ill will or culpable recklessness or negligence"'" (Shapiro v Health Ins. Plan, supra, at 61; see, Stillman v Ford, 22 N.Y.2d 48, 53; Misek-Falkoff v Keller, 153 A.D.2d 841, 842), thus satisfying the second requirement for the qualified privilege protection from defamation claims. In fact, the statements at issue were made for the proper purpose of clarification, in order to dispel rumors and to resolve morale problems resulting from the claimant's previously unexplained resignation. Bracken, J.P., Rosenblatt, Ritter and Pizzuto, JJ., concur.