Opinion
Civ. No. 3063.
May 20, 1920.]
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. L. H. Valentine, Judge. Reversed in part; affirmed in part.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
H. W. Kidd, Perry F. Backus, and A. J. Verheyen for Appellants.
Hugh E. Macbeth for Respondent.
Defendants appeal from a judgment in favor of plaintiff, awarded as damages for personal injuries.
Roberts was employed by his codefendant, whose place of business was in Los Angeles, as a traveling salesman of oil, and, in the performance of his duty, which required him to travel in Los Angeles and adjoining counties, the Oil Company provided him with an automobile and at all times furnished the oil and gasoline necessary in the operation thereof. His daily duties covered the period from 8 o'clock A. M. to 5 o'clock P. M. With the consent of his employer, Roberts used a garage at his home in Alhambra, wherein the car was kept at night and when not in use. In addition to his use of the car in traveling back and forth from his residence to the oil company's place of business in Los Angeles he had the privilege, when not on duty to his employer, of using it for pleasure rides and purposes of his own. On the day of the accident he returned from Orange County to the yard of the Oil Company at approximately 5 o'clock P. M.; whereupon, his day's work being at an end, he, in his car, came up town, in Los Angeles, where, at Fourth and Spring Streets, he had an appointment to meet a friend at 7 o'clock, who was to accompany him to a meeting of the lodge of Elks in Alhambra. During the time between his arrival uptown, at about a quarter after 5 o'clock, and 7 o'clock, at which hour he met his friend, he wandered around town, "loafing and taking a drink here and there." At 7 o'clock he left Fourth and Spring Streets, Los Angeles, for the lodge-rooms at Alhambra, and at First Street the automobile operated by Roberts collided with plaintiff, who was thereby injured.
Upon these facts the trial court found that it was untrue, as alleged in the answer of defendant Puente Oil Company, that John J. Roberts, at the time of said accident, was operating the car on and about a mission of his own and not within the course or scope of his employment as an employee of said Oil Company, or in the performance of any act for or on behalf of said Oil Company; and also found that "the defendant John J. Roberts, while engaged within the general scope of his said employment, carelessly and negligently drove and operated the said Ford automobile, then and there the property of the said Puente Oil Company."
In our opinion, appellants' challenge to these findings, upon the ground that they are not supported by the evidence, must be sustained. [1] It is apparent the trial court, in making the findings, deemed the facts sufficient to establish a case for the application of the doctrine of respondeat superior; but this principle cannot be invoked unless at the time of the negligent act causing the injury the servant was engaged in performing a service for the master or incidental thereto. The doctrine rests upon the proposition that in doing the acts out of which the negligence arose, the servant was representing the master at the time and engaged in his business. As said in Higgins v. Western Union Tel. Co., 156 N.Y. 75, [66 Am. St. Rep. 537, 50 N.E. 537]: "Beyond the scope of his employment the servant is as much a stranger to his master as any third person, . . . And if the servant step aside from his master's business, for however short a time, to do an act not connected with such business, the relation of master and servant is for the time suspended, and an act of the servant during such interval is not to be attributed to the master." "The test," says the court in Chamberlain v. California Edison Co., 167 Cal. 500, [ 140 P. 25], "is, whether the act was done in the prosecution of the business in which the servant was employed to assist." To the same effect, see Gousse v. Lowe, 41 Cal.App. 715, [ 183 P. 295]; Brown v. Chevrolet Motor Co., 39 Cal.App. 738, [ 179 P. 697]; Stephenson v. Southern Pacific Co., 93 Cal. 558, [27 Am. St. Rep. 223, 15 L. R. A. 475, 29 P. 234].
[2] Clearly, Roberts was not engaged in the performance of any duty which he owned to his employer. Since the garage in which he was accustomed to keep the automobile was at his home, the taking of the car from his place of employment to such garage would have been an act within the scope of his employment. ( Riordan v. Gas Consumers' Assn., 4 Cal.App. 639, [ 88 P. 809].) The evidence, however, shows that he was not operating the car with a view of reaching such destination; and while the testimony shows that he might have accepted an order for the delivery of oil by his employer at any time or place, he owned no duty to his employer so to do and was not seeking such sales and did not take any orders on the day of the accident after 5 o'clock, when his duties to his employer ended for the day. Neither, in our opinion, does the fact that the employer supplied the gasoline and oil required in the operation of the car affect the question in the slightest degree. After 5 o'clock P. M. on the day of the accident his time was his own to use as he pleased, and he, likewise with the consent of his employer, had the use of the car for his own purposes, and when the injury to plaintiff occurred he was engaged in a mission the purpose of which was his own pleasure and which could have no possible connection with the duties which he owed to his employer, any more than if he had taken the car on a holiday or Sunday for a pleasure ride for himself and family or upon a fishing trip.
[3] Respondent lays much stress upon the fact that the use of the car by Roberts for his own purposes was with the consent of the Puente Oil Company, his employer. At most, this was a mere lending of the car to him for his own use, as to which, says the court in Brown v. Chevrolet Motor Co., supra, "it is uniformly held that the owner is not responsible for injuries resulting from the negligence of a driver whose only relation to the owner is that of a borrower"; in support of which the court cites Berry on Automobiles, sec. 684; Hartley v. Miller, 165 Mich. 115, [33 L. R. A. (N. S.) 81, 130 N.W. 336]; and Segler v. Callister, 167 Cal. 355, [51 L. R. A. (N. S.) 772, 139 P. 819]. We are unable to draw any distinction between a case where the use of the car by a servant for his own purpose is without the master's consent and that where such use is permissive. Carried to its logical conclusion, the contention of respondent, which was adopted by the trial court, would render the owner of a shotgun liable for the act of one to whom he had loaned it for use on a hunting trip and due to whose negligent use thereof he had shot another. Our conclusion, therefore, is, that the findings of which appellants complain are not supported by the evidence.
[4] Appellants also predicate error upon the insufficiency of evidence to support the finding whereby the injury to plaintiff was by the court attributed to the negligence of Roberts, and exonerating plaintiff from contributory negligence. An examination of the record discloses no merit in this contention. At most, the evidence presents a conflict from which, and the circumstances shown to exist, different inferences might be deduced, and hence the determination of the trial court thereon must be deemed conclusive. Neither is there the slightest merit in the contention that the finding as to the extent of plaintiff's injury is without support. [5] Both defendants alleged the making of an agreement between plaintiff and Roberts whereby the latter agreed to pay him fifteen dollars per month for a period of one hundred months, which plaintiff agreed to accept in full settlement of his damages, which allegation the court found to be untrue, but allowed upon the judgment rendered the sum of sixty dollars, which defendant had paid to another for plaintiff's benefit. There is nothing in the evidence upon which to base a finding other than that made. It appears from the evidence that plaintiff was not a party to any agreement touching the matter, but that in some criminal proceeding growing out of Roberts' negligent act, Judge Craig, before whom he appeared, told defendant that he would have to make some reparation for the injury sustained by plaintiff, and left the matter in the hands of the probation officer of the court, who, upon consulting Roberts and his wife and going over his income and his domestic expenses, concluded that he could pay plaintiff fifteen dollars a month, which sum, it seems, defendant paid for four months. There was no writing executed between plaintiff and Roberts evidencing such agreement, and, since the same was to cover a period of one hundred months, it was not, in the absence of such writing, enforceable against Roberts. (Sec. 1624, Civ. Code.) In addition to all of this, the evidence touching the question is too vague and uncertain upon which to base a contract of such character.
As to the defendant Puente Oil Company, the judgment is reversed; and as to the defendant John J. Roberts, it is affirmed.
Conrey, P. J., and James, J., concurred.