Opinion
01-12-2017
John GUZY, Plaintiff, v. NEW YORK CENTRAL MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, Appellant.
Gozigian, Washburn & Clinton, Cooperstown (Edward W. Garo Gozigian of counsel), for appellant.
Gozigian, Washburn & Clinton, Cooperstown (Edward W. Garo Gozigian of counsel), for appellant.
Before: PETERS, P.J., GARRY, DEVINE, MULVEY and AARONS, JJ.
AARONS, J.Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court (Burns, J.), entered July 24, 2015 in Ostego County, which granted plaintiff's motion for summary judgment.
In February 2015, Derek Prindle commenced a personal injury action against plaintiff. Plaintiff tendered the defense of Prindle's action to defendant, which had issued homeowners and umbrella insurance policies to plaintiff. After defendant disclaimed coverage, plaintiff commenced this action seeking a judgment declaring that defendant had a duty to defend him in the action brought by Prindle. Following joinder of issue, plaintiff moved for summary judgment. Supreme Court granted plaintiff's motion, prompting this appeal by defendant. We affirm.An insurance company's duty to defend "is exceedingly broad and an insurer will be called upon to provide a defense whenever the allegations of the complaint suggest a reasonable possibility of coverage" (Automobile Ins. Co. of Hartford v. Cook, 7 N.Y.3d 131, 137, 818 N.Y.S.2d 176, 850 N.E.2d 1152 [2006] [internal quotation marks, ellipsis and citation omitted] ). If the complaint's allegations bring the claim "even potentially within the embrace of the policy, the insurer must defend its insured no matter how groundless, false or baseless the suit may be" (Village of Brewster v. Virginia Sur. Co., Inc., 70 A.D.3d 1239, 1241, 896 N.Y.S.2d 203 [2010] [internal quotation marks and citation omitted]; see BP A.C. Corp. v. One Beacon Ins. Group, 8 N.Y.3d 708, 714, 840 N.Y.S.2d 302, 871 N.E.2d 1128 [2007] ).
Under the terms of the homeowners insurance policy, defendant must provide plaintiff with a defense in a legal action involving bodily injury caused by an occurrence, which was defined as an accident. The umbrella policy also contained an exclusion that barred coverage for "expected or intended" conduct. Defendant contends that plaintiff's act of shooting Prindle was intentional, thereby bringing it outside the ambit of the homeowners insurance policy or within the umbrella policy's exclusion. We disagree.
Here, Prindle's complaint alleged that plaintiff "assault[ed] [Prindle] ... by shooting [Prindle] in the abdomen" and that "as a result of the assault," Prindle sustained personal injuries. While Prindle's complaint also alleged that plaintiff was arrested and criminally charged with assault, there was no further specification as to this criminal charge raised against plaintiff (compare United Servs. Auto. Assn. v. Iannuzzi, 138 A.D.3d 638, 639, 28 N.Y.S.3d 878 [2016], lv. denied 28 N.Y.3d 902, 2016 WL 4743310 [2016] ). Inasmuch as an assault may derive from an individual's recklessness or criminal negligence (see Penal Law § 120.00[2], [3] ), a reasonable possibility exists that plaintiff's actions were not intentional, as defendant argues (see Trafalski v. Allstate Ins. Co., 258 A.D.2d 888, 888, 685 N.Y.S.2d 351 [1999] ; cf. New York Cent. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Wood, 36 A.D.3d 1048, 1049–1050, 827 N.Y.S.2d 760 [2007] ). Furthermore, while the allegation in Prindle's complaint describing plaintiff's actions as "intentional and criminal" is relevant in determining whether defendant's duty to defend exists, such conclusory allegation drafted by a third party is not the focal point (see Fitzpatrick v. American Honda Motor Co., Inc., 78 N.Y.2d 61, 68, 571 N.Y.S.2d 672, 575 N.E.2d 90 [1991] ).
Because the shooting can be reasonably interpreted as having stemmed from plaintiff's unintentional conduct, we conclude that defendant's duty to defend was triggered under the insurance policy (see Automobile Ins. Co. of Hartford v.
Cook, 7 N.Y.3d at 137–138, 818 N.Y.S.2d 176, 850 N.E.2d 1152 ; Deetjen v. Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 302 A.D.2d 350, 352, 754 N.Y.S.2d 366 [2003] ; Merrimack Mut. Fire Ins. Co. v. Carpenter, 224 A.D.2d 894, 895, 638 N.Y.S.2d 234 [1996], lv. dismissed 88 N.Y.2d 1016, 649 N.Y.S.2d 382, 672 N.E.2d 608 [1996] ; cf. Miller v. Continental Ins. Co., 40 N.Y.2d 675, 678, 389 N.Y.S.2d 565, 358 N.E.2d 258 [1976] ). For similar reasons, we find that defendant failed to establish that the allegations in Prindle's complaint in toto were subject to no other interpretation than that plaintiff "expected or intended" the resulting harm (see Automobile Ins. Co. of Hartford v. Cook, 7 N.Y.3d at 138, 818 N.Y.S.2d 176, 850 N.E.2d 1152 ; Clayburn v. Nationwide Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 58 A.D.3d 990, 991, 871 N.Y.S.2d 487 [2009] ; Merchants Ins. of N.H., Inc. v. Weaver, 31 A.D.3d 945, 946, 819 N.Y.S.2d 594 [2006] ; Michigan Millers Mut. Ins. Co. v. Christopher, 66 A.D.2d 148, 152, 413 N.Y.S.2d 264 [1979] ).ORDERED that the order is affirmed, without costs.
PETERS, P.J., GARRY, DEVINE and MULVEY, JJ., concur.