Opinion
11-18-2016
Jean GREFRATH, Plaintiff–Appellant, v. Michael A. DEFELICE, Individually, and Doing Business as Michael Anthony's Salon, Evelyn Mager, Individually, and as Executrix of the Estate of Leo S. Mager, Deceased, Defendants–Respondents, et al., Defendant.
Shaw & Shaw P.C., Hamburg (Blake Zaccagnino of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Appellant. Rodgers Law Firm, Buffalo (Mark C. Rodgers of Counsel), for Defendant–Respondent Michael A. Defelice, Individually, and Doing Business as Michael Anthony's Salon. Nash Connors, P.C., Buffalo (James J. Nash of Counsel), for Defendant–Respondent Evelyn Mager, Individually, and as Executrix of the Estate of Leo S. Mager, Deceased.
Shaw & Shaw P.C., Hamburg (Blake Zaccagnino of Counsel), for Plaintiff–Appellant.
Rodgers Law Firm, Buffalo (Mark C. Rodgers of Counsel), for Defendant–Respondent Michael A. Defelice, Individually, and Doing Business as Michael Anthony's Salon.
Nash Connors, P.C., Buffalo (James J. Nash of Counsel), for Defendant–Respondent Evelyn Mager, Individually, and as Executrix of the Estate of Leo S. Mager, Deceased.
PRESENT: WHALEN, P.J., PERADOTTO, NEMOYER, CURRAN, AND TROUTMAN, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:Plaintiff commenced this action to recover damages for injuries she allegedly sustained when she tripped and fell from a step near the front entrance to commercial premises rented by defendant Michael A. DeFelice, individually and doing business as Michael Anthony's Salon, and owned by Leo S. Mager, who is now deceased. Plaintiff contends that Supreme Court erred in granting the motion of DeFelice and the cross motion of defendant Evelyn Mager (Mager), individually and as the executrix of Leo Mager's estate, for summary judgment dismissing the complaint and any cross claims against them. We agree. “[W]hether a dangerous or defective condition exists on the property of another so as to create liability depends on the particular facts and circumstances of each case and is generally a question of fact for the jury” (Trincere v. County of Suffolk, 90 N.Y.2d 976, 977, 665 N.Y.S.2d 615, 688 N.E.2d 489 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Hutchinson v. Sheridan Hill House Corp., 26 N.Y.3d 66, 77, 19 N.Y.S.3d 802, 41 N.E.3d 766 ). In view of the pertinent “factors that may render a physically small defect actionable” (Hutchinson, 26 N.Y.3d at 78, 19 N.Y.S.3d 802, 41 N.E.3d 766 ; see Trincere, 90 N.Y.2d at 977–978, 665 N.Y.S.2d 615, 688 N.E.2d 489 ), we conclude that DeFelice and Mager (defendants) failed to sustain their burden of establishing as a matter of law the absence of any defect with the step (see Lupa v. City of Oswego, 117 A.D.3d 1418, 1419, 985 N.Y.S.2d 361 ; Belsinger v. M & M Bowling & Trophy Supplies, Inc., 108 A.D.3d 1041, 1042, 969 N.Y.S.2d 644 ; Powers v. St. Bernadette's R.C. Church, 309 A.D.2d 1219, 1219, 765 N.Y.S.2d 102 ). In any event, we conclude that, in opposition to the motion and cross motion, plaintiff raised a triable issue of fact concerning the existence of a defect by submitting evidence that there were no markings on the step or differences in color between the step and the sidewalk (see Saretsky v. 85 Kenmore Realty Corp., 85 A.D.3d 89, 92–93, 924 N.Y.S.2d 32 ; see generally Belsinger, 108 A.D.3d at 1043, 969 N.Y.S.2d 644 ; Rachlin v. 34th St. Partnership, Inc., 96 A.D.3d 690, 691, 947 N.Y.S.2d 113 ). Furthermore, the step was located in or very near a doorway, “where a person's attention would be drawn to the door, not to the [step]” (Tesak v. Marine Midland Bank, 254 A.D.2d 717, 718, 678 N.Y.S.2d 226 ; see generally Belsinger, 108 A.D.3d at 1043, 969 N.Y.S.2d 644 ; Powers, 309 A.D.2d at 1219, 765 N.Y.S.2d 102 ).
We further conclude that the court erred in determining that plaintiff's inattention to the step upon exiting the premises was the sole proximate cause of her injuries as a matter of law inasmuch as defendants “failed to establish that plaintiff's fall was unrelated to the alleged defect” (Powers, 309 A.D.2d at 1219, 765 N.Y.S.2d 102 ; cf. Geloso v. Castle Enters., 266 A.D.2d 849, 849, 698 N.Y.S.2d 131 ). Thus, “while plaintiff may have been comparatively negligent in failing to observe the step or in failing to remember that the step was there, any such comparative negligence would not serve to ‘negate the liability of the ... landowner[,] who has a duty to keep the premises safe’ ” (Powers, 309 A.D.2d at 1219–1220, 765 N.Y.S.2d 102 ; see Vereerstraeten v. Cook, 266 A.D.2d 901, 901, 697 N.Y.S.2d 421 ).
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law without costs, the motion and cross motion are denied, and the complaint and cross claims are reinstated against defendants-respondents.