Opinion
No. 02-02-287-CV.
DELIVERED: May 22, 2003.
From County Court At Law No. 1 Of Tarrant County.
PANEL A: DAY, LIVINGSTON, and DAUPHINOT, JJ.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
See Tex.R.App.P. 47.4.
This is a worker's compensation subrogation suit brought against Socorro Gray ("Gray") by Fort Worth Independent School District ("FWISD") as subrogee of Elizabeth McKenzie ("McKenzie"). We affirm the trial court's judgment.
II. FACTUAL SUMMARY
On April 21, 1998, McKenzie, who was in the course and scope of her employment, was struck by a vehicle operated by Gray. Due to injuries suffered by McKenzie, FWISD paid worker's compensation benefits to or on behalf of McKenzie totaling $17,789.92 and gave notice to Gray and his insurer, State Farm County Mutual Insurance Company ("State Farm"), that it was claiming a priority interest in any settlement proceeds.
State Farm subsequently negotiated a settlement with McKenzie for $656.50 and delivered a release agreement to McKenzie that addressed all claims related to the accident. After McKenzie executed the release, State Farm forwarded the settlement check directly to FWISD. FWISD refused to accept the check and subsequently filed a subrogation suit against Gray pursuant to Chapter 417 of the Texas Workers' Compensation Act ("Act"). FWISD alleged in its original petition that it was a certified self-insured entity, thus an insurance carrier, under the Texas workers' compensation laws of the State of Texas.
See id. ch. 417.
See Tex. Lab. Code Ann. § 407.042 (Vernon 1996).
On September 14, 2000, Gray filed a motion for summary judgment on the grounds that: 1) the Act did not create a statutory right that would allow FWISD to bring this suit; and 2) assuming the Act created a statutory right for FWISD to bring this suit, the right was derivative of McKenzie's claims, which were barred by the settlement and release agreement executed by McKenzie. By a letter ruling, the trial court denied the motion.
On May 2, 2002, FWISD filed its motion for summary judgment on the sole basis that the release McKenzie delivered to Gray could not extinguish the statutory cause of action held by FWISD. In a final judgment the trial court granted FWISD's motion and ordered Gray to pay FWISD the sum of $17,789.92, plus prejudgment interest in the amount of $4,503.53. Gray subsequently brought this appeal.
II. LEGAL ANALYSIS
Gray argues in two issues that the trial court incorrectly decided that McKenzie's release was not a complete bar to FWISD's subsequent suit when it denied his motion for summary judgment and granted FWISD's. Gray contends that he is entitled to judgment as a matter of law because McKenzie owned and released all causes of action related to the accident.
The standards for reviewing a motion for summary judgment are well established. The movant has the burden of showing that there is no genuine material fact issue and that it is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
Ryland Group, Inc. v. Hood, 924 S.W.2d 120, 121 (Tex. 1996).
Id.
When both parties move for summary judgment and the trial court grants one motion and denies the other, the reviewing court should review both parties' summary judgment evidence and determine all questions presented. The reviewing court should render the judgment that the trial court should have rendered.
Dow Chem. Co. v. Bright, 89 S.W.3d 602, 605 (Tex. 2002).
Id.
Section 417.001 of the Texas Labor Code states that
(a) An employee or legal beneficiary may seek damages from a third party who is or becomes liable to pay damages for an injury or death that is compensable under this subtitle and may also pursue a claim for workers' compensation benefits under this subtitle.
(b) If a benefit is claimed by an injured employee or a legal beneficiary of the employee, the insurance carrier is subrogated to the rights of the injured employee and may enforce the liability of the third party in the name of the injured employee or the legal beneficiary. If the recovery is for an amount greater than that paid or assumed by the insurance carrier to the employee or the legal beneficiary, the insurance carrier shall:
(1) reimburse itself and pay the costs from the amount recovered; and
(2) pay the remainder of the amount recovered to the injured employee or the legal beneficiary.
A carrier's cause of action is derivative of its injured employee's cause of action. The employee's cause of action initially belongs to the employee subject to the carrier's right to recover the amount paid to or for the benefit of the employee. However, once the carrier pays or agrees to pay compensation to the injured employee, the carrier's right overrides that of the employee, and the employee has no cause of action against the third party until the carrier has recovered the amount it paid to the employee. When a carrier pays a claim on behalf of its insured, the carrier becomes an owner of its insured's cause of action to the extent of the amount paid.
Guillot v. Hix, 838 S.W.2d 230, 232 (Tex. 1992); Hartford Cas. Ins. Co. v. Albertsons Grocery Stores, 931 S.W.2d 729, 734 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 1996, no pet.).
Guillot, 838 S.W.2d at 232.
Fort Worth Lloyds v. Haygood, 246 S.W.2d 865, 869 (Tex. 1952); Hartford, 931 S.W.2d at 734.
Thoreson v. Thompson, 431 S.W.2d 341, 347 (Tex. 1968); Cox v. Realty Dev. Corp., 748 S.W.2d 492, 494 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1988, no pet.).
FWISD paid McKenzie $17,789.92 in worker's compensation benefits. Gray concedes both in the statement of facts in his motion for summary judgment and in his brief before this court that both he and State Farm were given notice prior to settling with McKenzie that benefits had been paid to McKenzie by FWISD and that FWISD claimed a "priority interest" in McKenzie's suit against Gray.
As it stands, McKenzie received benefits from her employer's worker's compensation carrier. Both Gray and State Farm knew that McKenzie was receiving the benefits yet proceeded to reach a settlement agreement with McKenzie that failed to mention FWISD. Once a carrier compensates an injured employee, as in this case, the employee cannot execute a settlement agreement that effectively extinguishes the carrier's statutory right of subrogation until the carrier has been reimbursed the amount it paid to the employee.
Hartford, 931 S.W.2d at 734.
If an injured employee is allowed to be compensated by his or her employer's worker's compensation carrier and to also settle with and release a third-party tortfeasor for less than the carrier's expenditures, the function of the statute would be stifled by insulating third-party tortfeasors from subrogation suits such as this.
See id. at 734-35 (pointing out that function of statute would be frustrated if third-party tortfeasor was allowed to be insulated from carrier that compensates injured employee just because injured employee decided not to sue).
Because FWISD compensated McKenzie for her lost time and for medical expenses and because these payments were made before the release was executed and with the full knowledge of both Gray and State Farm, we hold that FWISD's subrogation claim is not barred by the release. We overrule Gray's issues.
IV. CONCLUSION
Having overruled Gray's issues, we affirm the trial court's summary judgment for FWISD.