Opinion
No. 14-15379 No. 14-15380
09-21-2016
KIMBRA GOTTSCHALL, as Wrongful Death Heir, and as Successor-in-Interest to Robert Gottschall, Deceased; DEBRA GABALL; RAYMOND GOTTSCHALL; ROBERT W. GOTTSCHALL; RONALD GOTTSCHALL, as Legal Heirs of Robert Gottschall, Deceased, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee, and HUNTINGTON INGALLS, INC., FKA Northop Grumman Shipbuilding, Inc., Defendant. KIMBRA GOTTSCHALL, as Wrongful Death Heir, and as Successor-in-Interest to Robert Gottschall, Deceased; DEBRA GABALL; RAYMOND GOTTSCHALL; ROBERT W. GOTTSCHALL; RONALD GOTTSCHALL, as Legal Heirs of Robert Gottschall, Deceased, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION, Defendant, and HUNTINGTON INGALLS, INC., FKA Northop Grumman Shipbuilding, Inc., Defendant-Appellee.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
D.C. No. 3:10-cv-05096-CRB MEMORANDUM Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California
Charles R. Breyer, District Judge, Presiding Submitted September 21, 2016 San Francisco, California Before: PAEZ, CLIFTON, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). --------
Plaintiffs Kimbra Gottschall, Debra Gaball, Raymond Gottschall, Robert W. Gottschall, and Ronald Gottschall appeal the district court's summary judgment in favor of Defendants General Dynamics Corporation and Huntington Ingalls, Inc. We vacate the judgment and remand for further proceedings.
The California Supreme Court has recently made clear that the summary judgment entered by the district court, in reliance on a decision by the multi-district litigation court in Pennsylvania, was based on an incorrect understanding of California law. In Webb v. Special Electric Co., Inc., 63 Cal.4th 167, 189-90 (2016), the California Supreme Court held:
To establish a defense under the sophisticated intermediary doctrine, a product supplier must show not only that it warned or sold to a knowledgeable intermediary, but also that it actually and reasonably relied on the intermediary to convey warnings to end users. This inquiry will typically raise questions of fact for the jury to resolve unless critical facts establishing reasonableness are undisputed.In light of Webb and the California Supreme Court's dismissal of a petition for review in Gottschall v. Crane Co., 230 Cal. App. 4th 1115 (2014), dismissed and remanded by 373 P.3d 471 (Cal. 2016), we conclude that the summary judgment based on this theory must be vacated.
The district court never ruled on Defendants' government contractor defense. Defendants argue it to us as an alternative basis to affirm the summary judgment, but genuine disputes of material fact preclude that result. The government contractor defense is essentially a defendant's assertion that "the Government made me do it." In re Hawaii Fed. Asbestos Cases, 960 F.2d 806, 813 (9th Cir. 1992). To prevail, the defendant "must show that it acted in compliance with reasonably precise specifications imposed on it by the United States in deciding whether to provide a warning." Getz v. Boeing Co., 654 F.3d 852, 866 (9th Cir. 2011) (citation, internal quotations and alteration omitted). Here, the parties pointed to conflicting evidence regarding the Navy's labeling policies, so summary judgment is not appropriate.
We decline to address Defendants' arguments based on O'Neil v. Crane Co., 53 Cal.4th 335 (2012) and McIndoe v. Huntington Ingalls Inc., 817 F.3d 1170 (9th Cir. 2016), because they were not developed in the district court. See Chadd v. United States, 794 F.3d 1104, 1109 n. 4 (9th Cir. 2015) (declining to address arguments raised for the first time on appeal). These arguments are more appropriate for adjudication in the first instance by the district court on remand.
Costs are taxed in favor of Plaintiffs and against Defendant-Appellee.
VACATED AND REMANDED.