Opinion
November 12, 1958.
December 9, 1958.
Unemployment compensation — Willful misconduct — Truck driver involved in accidents — Failure to have glasses checked — Delay in preparation of accident reports — Instructions of employer — Evidence — Unemployment Compensation Law.
1. In an unemployment compensation case, in which the employer contended that claimant, a truck driver, was discharged for willful misconduct in disregarding instructions to have his glasses checked following an accident and in failing to report a second accident for five days thereafter; that there was evidence that claimant was unable to have his eyes checked after the first accident because of a lack of funds, and that the first accident was not necessarily attributable to claimant's defect in vision; and that claimant had followed the instructions of his superior in delaying the preparation of the accident report forms until his return from the trip on his employer's business; it was Held that the evidence sustained the findings of the board and that it was not error for the board to conclude, in the circumstances, that claimant was not guilty of willful misconduct within the meaning of § 402(e) of the Unemployment Compensation Law.
2. Allen Unemployment Compensation Case, 168 Pa. Super. 295, distinguished.
3. Willful misconduct may consist of an act of wanton or willful disregard of the employer's interest, a deliberate violation of the employer's rules, a disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to expect of his employe, or negligence in such degree or recurrence as to manifest culpability, wrongful intent, or evil design, or show an intentional and substantial disregard of the employer's interest or of the employe's duties and obligations to the employer.
Before RHODES, P.J., HIRT, GUNTHER, ERVIN, and WATKINS, JJ. (WRIGHT and WOODSIDE, JJ., absent).
Appeal, No. 176, April T., 1958, by employer, from decision of Unemployment Compensation Board of Review, No. B-5-J-404, in re claim of Edgar L. Gossett. Decision affirmed.
Ira B. Coldren, Jr., with him Herman M. Buck, and Ray, Coldren Buck, for appellant.
Sydney Reuben, Assistant Attorney General, with him Thomas D. McBride, Attorney General, for appellee.
Argued November 12, 1958.
This is an appeal by Atlantic Freight Lines, Inc., from the decision of the Unemployment Compensation Board of Review granting benefits to one of its former employes, Edgar L. Gossett. Atlantic contends that claimant was disqualified under section 402 (e) of the Law, 43 P. S. § 802 (e), which provides: "An employe shall be ineligible for compensation for any week — . . . (e) In which his unemployment is due to his discharge or temporary suspension from work for willful misconduct connected with his work, irrespective of whether or not such work is `employment' as defined in this act; . . ."
The findings of the board, which are supported by the evidence, are briefly as follows. The claimant was last employed by Atlantic for a period of approximately eleven months, his last day of work being September 21, 1957. On August 26, 1957, claimant was involved in an accident at Lorain, Ohio, and he was instructed by his employer to have his eyeglasses adjusted. On September 19, 1957, the claimant was again involved in an accident. The second accident occurred in Jeannette, Pennsylvania, when claimant drove out of a side street and attempted to make a left turn; another vehicle, approaching at a high speed, "hooked" the front bumper on claimant's truck. Following the second accident claimant proceeded to his initial destination in Jeannette, where his truck was loaded with its assigned shipment. After the truck was loaded claimant telephoned the home office of Atlantic, in Uniontown, and was ordered to proceed to make his delivery. Claimant made the delivery in Ohio and picked up a return load. This work required about three days. On the Monday following claimant's return, he was called by his employer and instructed to proceed to the home office to prepare an accident report, which instructions he followed. The employer then notified claimant that he was discharged because of the accidents and to protect the employer's insurance fund.
The bureau, the referee, and the board concluded that claimant was eligible for benefits.
Atlantic contends that the claimant was discharged for willful misconduct in disregarding its instructions to have his glasses checked following the first accident and in failing to report the second accident for five days thereafter, allegedly contrary to the rules and regulations of Atlantic.
Willful misconduct within the meaning of the Law has been described as — "`. . . an act of wanton or wilful disregard of the employer's interest, a deliberate violation of the employer's rules, a disregard of standards of behavior which the employer has the right to expect of his employee, or negligence in such degree or recurrence as to manifest culpability, wrongful intent, or evil design, or show an intentional and substantial disregard of the employer's interest or of the employee's duties and obligations to the employer.'" Detterer Unemployment Compensation Case, 168 Pa. Super. 291, 294, 77 A.2d 886, 888. Willful misconduct includes not only intentional acts of wrongdoing, but may include a "conscious indifference to the perpetration of a wrong, or a reckless disregard of the employe's duty to his employer . . ." Ristis Unemployment Compensation Case, 178 Pa. Super. 400, 401, 116 A.2d 271.
After the first accident claimant was suspended from his employment for a period of five days and was put back to work on the condition that he have his eyes examined for glasses. Atlantic apparently did nothing further to assure that claimant had obtained the suggested eye examination. Claimant had previously had his eyes examined and obtained new glasses about a year prior to the accidents. He explained that he was unable to have his eyes checked following the first accident because of a lack of funds. It appears that subsequent to the accident and because of legal proceedings arising therefrom, Atlantic deducted from claimant's pay $50 for an attorney's fee and $100 for a bond. Claimant had only $50 remaining with which to support himself and pay traveling expenses on the job for the next two weeks. Claimant stated that it was impossible to live on that amount and to have his eyes checked in addition. Moreover, it appears that the first accident was not necessarily attributable to claimant's alleged defect in vision. The record indicates that prior to the accident claimant had been on the road for approximately eighteen hours when he arrived at Cleveland, Ohio. Although he requested that he be allowed to rest before proceeding to Port Clinton, Ohio, he was told by the dispatcher of Atlantic that he had time to make the next stop before it closed and that he was to continue on his journey. Claimant became sleepy at the wheel and the accident ensued.
It is apparent that the first accident was not caused merely by claimant's alleged defective vision. In fact, the request that claimant obtain an eye examination was made monetarily impossible of immediate compliance by the action of Atlantic, and amounted to an attempt to focus sole responsibility for the accident upon claimant, notwithstanding Atlantic's demand that he work excessive hours.
Claimant became involved in the second accident approximately three weeks after the first accident. After the second accident claimant attempted to notify Atlantic but was unable to reach a telephone immediately. He proceeded to his initial stop and telephoned Atlantic's office. He was told by the dispatcher to continue into Ohio, make the delivery, and fill out the required accident reports when he returned. It does not appear to us that the board could conclude otherwise than that claimant had followed the instructions of his superior in delaying preparation of the accident report forms until his return from the trip on the business of his employer. Claimant followed instructions in telephoning his employer and the insurance company as soon as he found a telephone available.
Under the circumstances it was not error for the board to conclude that, although the employer may have been justified in protecting its insurance status against a purported "accident prone" employe, the actions of claimant did not necessarily involve willful misconduct within the meaning of the Law. It appears clear that the true reason for the discharge of claimant was, as found by the board, that he was involved in two accidents, and not that he had disregarded instructions or rules and regulations of his employer. We note that the employer does not contend on this appeal that these accidents are part of a series attributable to negligence, occurring periodically and with consistent regularity, which produced substantial financial loss to the employer, thus amounting to willful misconduct within the concept of Allen Unemployment Compensation Case, 168 Pa. Super. 295, 298, 77 A.2d 889. This is not such a case.
The decision of the board is affirmed.