Opinion
A89A0240, A89A0241.
DECIDED APRIL 3, 1989. REHEARING DENIED MAY 9, 1989.
Negligence. Fulton State Court. Before Judge Baxter.
John F. Manning, Butler McDonald, James E. Butler, Mary Lou Keener, for appellants.
Blasingame, Burch, Garrard Bryant, Gary B. Blasingame, James B. Matthews II, Long, Weinberg, Ansley Wheeler, Robert G. Tanner, for appellee.
These appeals arise from the same litigation which gave rise to Gober v. Nisbet, 186 Ga. App. 264 ( 367 S.E.2d 68) (1988) (cert. denied). The appellee herein was named as a co-defendant in the two actions below, based on allegations of negligence which were identical to those made against the other defendants named therein. In Gober v. Nisbet, supra, we held that the suits could not be considered valid renewal actions pursuant to OCGA §§ 9-2-61 (a) and 9-11-41 (d), with the result that the trial court should have granted summary judgment to the defendants involved in that appeal, based on the running of the statute of limitation. Subsequent to that decision, and in reliance thereon, the appellee herein sought and obtained summary judgment on identical grounds. In the present appeals, the plaintiffs contend that the appellee waived the statute of limitation defense by failing to assert it in its original answers. In addition, they contend that our prior decision in Gober v. Nisbet, supra, was incorrect and should be overruled and that, even if it was not incorrect, it set forth a new rule of law which should be given prospective application only. Held:
1. The statute of limitation defense was not waived by the appellee but was properly asserted by amendment to its answers. "CPA § 15 (a) [OCGA § 9-11-15 (a)] allows a party to amend his pleading as a matter of course and without leave of the court at any time before the entry of a pre-trial order. In the instant case, [the appellee] did exactly that, using the amended answer affirmatively to plead the statute of limitation." Security Ins. Co. of Hartford v. Gill, 141 Ga. App. 324, 325 ( 233 S.E.2d 278) (1977). Moreover, an affirmative defense such as the statute of limitation may properly be raised by motion for summary judgment even though it has not been asserted in the answer. See Brown v. Moseley, 175 Ga. App. 282, 283 (1) ( 333 S.E.2d 162) (1985); Phillips v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 121 Ga. App. 342 (2) ( 173 S.E.2d 723) (1970); Catalina, Inc. v. Woodward, 124 Ga. App. 26 (1) ( 182 S.E.2d 921) (1971). Accord Beazley v. Williams, 231 Ga. 137 ( 200 S.E.2d 751) (1973).
2. We do not agree that a new rule of law was announced in Gober v. Nesbit, supra. In deciding that case, we simply applied the prior holding of this court in Perry v. Landmark Fin. Corp., 141 Ga. App. 62, 63 ( 232 S.E.2d 399) (1977), that in order to file a valid renewal action pursuant to § 41 (d) of the CPA, "it is essential that the first action be dismissed . . . before the second action becomes a valid and pending suit." Accord Brinson v. Kramer, 72 Ga. App. 63, 66 ( 33 S.E.2d 41) (1945). Although we disapproved a contrary interpretation of Perry which had appeared in Hilliard v. Edwards, 169 Ga. App. 808, 809 ( 315 S.E.2d 39) (1984), we did not find it necessary to overrule Hilliard but simply rejected its characterization of the Perry decision on the ground that it was mere dicta and could not be squared either with the language of OCGA § 9-11-41 (d) or with the language of Perry itself. Thus, Gober v. Nisbet broke no new ground; and, even if it had, it would nevertheless be binding in the present appeal pursuant to OCGA § 9-11-60 (h), which specifies that "any ruling by the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals in a case shall be binding in all subsequent proceedings in that case in the lower court and in the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals as the case may be." See Braner v. Southern Trust Ins. Co., 255 Ga. 117, 122 ( 335 S.E.2d 547) (1985). Cf. Leader Nat. Ins. Co. v. Smith, 177 Ga. App. 267, 273 ( 339 S.E.2d 321) (1985).
Judgments affirmed. Sognier and Pope, JJ., concur.