Opinion
Docket No. 134267.
Submitted October 12, 1993, at Detroit.
Decided December 21, 1993; approved for publication March 17, 1994, at 9:00 A.M. Leave to appeal sought.
Pianin, Paull, Sugar Brandon (by Michael Pianin), for the plaintiff.
Feikens, Foster, Vander Male DeNardis, P.C. (by Bruce A. VandeVusse), for the defendants.
Plaintiff appeals as of right from a judgment of no cause of action in favor of defendants. Defendants cross appeal from certain trial court rulings. We remand for a new trial.
Plaintiff's sole issue on appeal concerns the admissibility of evidence of plaintiff's arrest. On cross appeal, defendants raise issues relating to the admissibility of certain other evidence.
Plaintiff, Barbara Gingold, filed suit against defendants for medical malpractice following surgery to treat vaginal cysts in August and September of 1985. The surgery was performed by defendant Susan Inwald, a certified physician's assistant. Susan Inwald was employed by defendant Berkley Clinic, P.C., which was owned and operated by defendant Samson Inwald. Plaintiff claimed persistent pain from the allegedly negligent surgery. The case was tried before a jury.
We agree with plaintiff that the trial court abused its discretion in admitting evidence of plaintiff's arrest. Gillam v Lloyd, 172 Mich. App. 563, 586; 432 N.W.2d 356 (1988).
Relevant evidence is admissible, and irrelevant evidence is not. MRE 402; McDonald v Stroh Brewery Co, 191 Mich. App. 601, 605; 478 N.W.2d 669 (1991). Evidence is relevant if it tends to make the existence of a fact at issue more probable or less probable than it would be without the evidence. MRE 401; McDonald, supra. However, relevant evidence may be excluded if its probative value is substantially outweighed by the danger of unfair prejudice. MRE 403; McDonald, supra. In general, error requiring reversal may not be predicated upon a ruling that admits evidence unless a substantial right was affected. MRE 103(a); Temple v Kelel Distributing Co, Inc, 183 Mich. App. 326, 329; 454 N.W.2d 610 (1990).
Evidence that plaintiff was at a shopping mall during the period when she claimed she was "pretty much" bedridden was relevant to the question of damages. Evidence that plaintiff was arrested at the mall was of marginal relevance. Furthermore, the evidence was substantially more prejudicial than probative, because it may have caused the jury to regard plaintiff as a bad person. We note that the fact that plaintiff was apparently not completely bedridden could have been shown another way (for example, by stipulation) with fewer harmful collateral effects. See People v Oliphant, 399 Mich. 472, 490; 250 N.W.2d 443 (1976).
The erroneous admission of the evidence of the plaintiff's arrest was not harmless, because it may have caused the jury unfairly to reject plaintiff's claims. Therefore, we remand for a new trial.
The issues raised by defendants will be considered next, because they may arise again on remand.
First, we conclude that plaintiff waived the physician-patient privilege when she permitted the release of medical information without asserting the privilege. Domako v Rowe, 438 Mich. 347, 356; 475 N.W.2d 30 (1991). Therefore, defendants' ex parte communications with the subsequent treating physician were proper, and the physician's testimony regarding the standard of care was admissible. Id. at 362.
Second, defendants claim that the trial court erred in permitting plaintiff to present evidence regarding whether defendant Susan Inwald had been improperly supervised and had acted outside the scope of her authority in performing the surgery. We disagree. The physician's assistant statute, MCL 333.17001 et seq.; MSA 14.15(17001) et seq., does not preclude the admission of expert testimony regarding this issue.
Finally, we do not believe that the trial court abused its discretion in determining that Kathleen Cunicella, D.O., was qualified to testify as an expert. Mazey v Adams, 191 Mich. App. 328, 331; 477 N.W.2d 698 (1991). A witness may be qualified as an expert by knowledge, skill, experience, training, or education. MRE 702. While one proposed witness may possess less expertise than another, that consideration goes to the weight of the evidence rather than its admissibility. People v Whitfield, 425 Mich. 116, 123-124; 388 N.W.2d 206 (1986).
Judgment vacated; remanded for new trial.