Opinion
(December Term, 1833.)
A bequest of a slave to a feme covert, "for her proper use," does not vest in her a separate and exclusive right; but the legacy if assented to by the executor, goes to the husband.
DETINUE, tried at CABARRUS, before Seawell, J., Spring Term, 1833.
No counsel appeared for the plaintiff.
Devereux for the defendant.
The action was brought by the administrator of Joseph M. Welch, against Elizabeth Welch's administrator, to recover a slave by the name of Esther, and her child by the name of America. The defendant plead the general issue.
The plaintiff claimed title to the slaves under the following bequests, in the last will and testament of George Davis, deceased: "I will and bequeath to my daughter Betsey Welch, my negro girl Esther, for her proper use." The daughter Betsey, was then the wife of Joseph Welch, the plaintiff's intestate, and who was then alive. The defendant is the administrator of Elizabeth, the wife of Joseph Welch. The assent of the executor of George Davis, was given to the legacy.
The Court directed the jury, that the bequest made as aforesaid, enured to the benefit of the husband, who (287) upon the assent of the executor, acquired a legal title. A verdict was rendered for the plaintiff. The defendant moved for a new trial, because the Court misdirected the jury, as to the law. The motion was overruled, judgment rendered for the plaintiff, and the defendant appealed.
The question for this court to determine, is, whether the slave Esther, mentioned in the legacy to the testator's daughter, Betsey Welch, enured to the wife separately, or was the husband entitled to her, after taking possession with the assent of the executor?
Whether the wife was to have a separate interest in the slaves, depends upon the intention of the testator, to be collected from reading the whole will, before the husband can be deprived of his marital rights, it is necessary to show a decided intention in the testator, that the husband should have no interest whatsoever. Lamb v. Milnes, 5 Ves. 521. In examining the will of George Davis, I discover he uses the same words, or nearly the same at the termination of three separate and distinct bequests, one of which bequests is to a son. They are as follows: "Fifthly, I will and bequeath my negro boy Jess to my daughter Peggy Dickson, for her own proper use."
"Sixthly, I will and bequeath my negro boy Nelson to my son Aaron, for his own proper use forever."
"Seventhly, I will and bequeath to my daughter Betsy Welch, my negro girl Esther, for her proper use."
It will be seen here, that the legacy to the son, where the same words are used, is placed in the will between the legacies to the two daughters. It seems to me that the words made use of by the testator, and which the defendant contends created a separate interest in the wife, only show a disposition (289) to transfer an absolute estate in the slaves to the several legatees mentioned in the will, rather than a separate estate to his daughters. In Roberts v. Spicer 5 Mod. 491 and Wills v. Seyers, 4 Mod. 409, it was held that a legacy to a married woman, "to and for her own use and benefit," did not give a separate estate. In Adamson v. Armetage, 19 Ves. 415, the Master of the Rolls said he thought the direction that the legacy shall be for her sole use, sufficient to vest the property in her, exclusive of the marital right. This remark was but a dictum no ways necessary to be made, in the correct determination of the case, then before the Court. The Court will not force a construction, to give the legacy to the separate use of the wife, Brown v. Clark, 2 Ves. 166. It appears to me that the "proper use" of the legacy, is to apply it to the maintenance of the wife and family, and to discharge debts. The husband is bound by law to maintain her and the children, and he is further bound to discharge the debts. The fund, unless a clear intention otherwise appears, should be placed in the husband's hands, to enable him to discharge those obligations which the marriage has brought upon him. The law declares that a clear intent, for the sole and separate use of the wife must be shown, or the husband shall have the property. After looking over the whole will, and observing that the testator has used the same words in his disposition of other legacies, where there could not be a possible necessity for a separate estate to be created, I am of the opinion that he did not by the use of the words, "for her proper use," intend to create a separate estate in the slave Esther, to and for the benefit of his daughter Elizabeth.
PER CURIAM. Judgment affirmed.
Cited: Crawford v. Shaver, 37 N.C. 240.