Opinion
Civil Action DKC 21-2592
02-08-2022
GERSON GALIZIA, et al. v. RICOS ENTERPRISES, INC., et al
MEMORANDUM OPINION
DEBORAH K. CHASANOW UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
The parties in this employment action filed a joint motion seeking the court's approval of their settlement agreement on February 7, 2022. (ECF No. 16). The agreement provides that, upon court approval, Defendants Ricos Enterprises, Inc. d/b/a Ricos Tacos and Jose Rigoberto Flores (collectively, “Defendants”) will pay the sum of four thousand dollars consisting of one thousand dollars to each Plaintiff, $1,458 in attorney's fees and $542 in costs to Plaintiffs' attorney. The issues have been briefed, and the court now rules, no hearing being deemed necessary. Local Rule 105.6. Because the proposed settlement agreement represents a fair and reasonable resolution of a bona fide FLSA dispute, the settlement will be approved.
I. Background
Plaintiffs filed a complaint on October 8, 2021, alleging three counts: (1) violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”), (2) violations of the Maryland Wage and Hour Law (“MWHL”), and (3) violations of the Maryland Wage Payment and Collection Law (“MWPCL”). (ECF No. 1, at 6-8). The parties filed an initial status report on November 18, 2021, indicating they were amenable to early ADR. (ECF No. 13). On November 19, 2021, the case was referred to Magistrate Judge Charles B. Day for alternative dispute resolution. (ECF No. 14).
II. Analysis
Because Congress enacted the FLSA to protect workers from the poor wages and long hours that can result from significant inequalities in bargaining power between employers and employees, the provisions of the FLSA are mandatory and, except in two narrow circumstances, are generally not subject to bargaining, waiver, or modification by contract or settlement. See Brooklyn Sav. Bank v. O'Neil, 324 U.S. 697, 706-07 (1945). Under the first exception, the Secretary of Labor may supervise the payment of back wages to employees, who waive their rights to seek liquidated damages upon accepting the full amount of the wages owed. See 29 U.S.C. § 216(c). Under the second exception, a district court can approve a settlement between an employer and an employee who has brought a private action for unpaid wages pursuant to Section 216(b), provided that the settlement reflects a “reasonable compromise of disputed issues” rather than “a mere waiver of statutory rights brought about by an employer's overreaching.” Lynn's Food Stores, Inc. v. United States, 679 F.2d 1350, 1354 (11th Cir. 1982); see also Duprey v. Scotts Co., 30 F.Supp.3d 404, 407 (D.Md. 2014). Although the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit has not directly addressed the factors to be considered in deciding whether to approve such settlements, district courts in this circuit typically employ the considerations set forth by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit in Lynn's Food Stores. See, e.g., Duprey, 30 F.Supp.3d at 407-08; Lopez v. NTI, LLC, 748 F.Supp.2d 471, 478 (D.Md. 2010). An FLSA settlement generally should be approved if it reflects “a fair and reasonable resolution of a bona fide dispute over FLSA provisions.” Lynn's Food Stores, 679 F.2d at 1355. Thus, as a first step, the bona fides of the parties' dispute must be examined to determine if there are FLSA issues that are “actually in dispute.” Id. at 1354. Then, as a second step, the terms of the proposed settlement agreement must be assessed for fairness and reasonableness, which requires weighing a number of factors, including:
(1) the extent of discovery that has taken place; (2) the stage of the proceedings, including the complexity, expense and likely duration of the litigation; (3) the absence of fraud or collusion in the settlement; (4) the experience of counsel who have represented the plaintiffs; (5) the opinions of counsel . . .;
and (6) the probability of plaintiffs' success on the merits and the amount of the settlement in relation to the potential recovery.Hackett v. ADF Restaurant Invs., 259 F.Supp.3d 360, 365 (D.Md. 2016) (quoting Saman v. LBDP, Inc., DKC-12-1083, 2013 WL 2949047, at *3 (D.Md. June 13, 2013); see also Duprey, 30 F.Supp.3d at 408, 409. Finally, where a proposed settlement of FLSA claims includes a provision regarding attorneys' fees, the reasonableness of the award must also “be independently assessed, regardless of whether there is any suggestion that a ‘conflict of interest taints the amount the wronged employee recovers under a settlement agreement.'” Lane v. Ko-Me, LLC, No. DKC-10-2261, 2011 WL 3880427, at *3 (Aug. 31, 2011) (citation omitted).
A. Bona Fide Dispute
“In deciding whether a bona fide dispute exists as to a defendant's liability under the FLSA, courts examine the pleadings in the case, along with the representations and recitals in the proposed settlement agreement.” Duprey, 30 F.Supp.3d at 408. In the complaint, Plaintiffs alleged that Defendants paid Plaintiffs the same hourly rate for all hours worked, regardless of the number of hours worked in a week. Defendants deny the allegations and contest the number of hours Plaintiffs worked. Defendants' denials and the parties' overall disagreement indicates the presence of a bonda fide dispute.
Additionally, Defendants may have shown that they were not subject to the FLSA or MWHL because their annual revenue was less than the required threshold. Thus, there is a dispute as to whether Plaintiffs are entitled to any award.
B. Fairness & Reasonableness
Upon review of the parties' submissions and after considering the relevant factors, the agreement appears to be a fair and reasonable compromise of the parties' bona fide disputes. The parties are represented by experienced lawyers with employment expertise. The parties exchanged discovery, participated in negotiations, and concluded further litigation would have consumed Defendants' resources. Thus, the parties have had sufficient opportunity to obtain additional evidence through discovery, evaluate their claims and defenses, and conclude that, based in part on desires to avoid a lengthy and costly litigation process, settlement is the most appropriate resolution. Moreover, there is no evidence that the agreement is the product of fraud or collusion.
C. Attorneys' Fees and Costs
Finally, the provisions regarding attorneys' fees and costs must also be assessed for reasonableness.
In assessing the reasonableness of the fee, courts typically refer to the principles of the traditional lodestar method as a guide, even when the attorneys' fees are based on a contingency fee. An attorney's fee award negotiated pursuant to a contingent-fee arrangement can be approved if a court finds that (1) the fees were negotiated separately from the damages, so that they do not infringe on the employee's statutory award, and (2) they are reasonable under the lodestar approach.Hackett, 259 F.Supp.3d at 360 (internal citations omitted). The starting point in the lodestar calculation is multiplying the number of hours reasonably expended by a reasonable hourly rate. Robinson v. Equifax Info. Servs., LLC, 560 F.3d 235, 243 (4th Cir. 2009). “An hourly rate is reasonable if it is ‘in line with those prevailing in the community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience, and reputation.'” Duprey, 30 F.Supp.3d at 412 (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 890 n.11 (1984)). This court has established presumptively reasonable rates in Appendix B to its Local Rules.
The Agreement provides that - separate and apart from the payments to Plaintiffs - Defendants will pay Plaintiffs' counsel $2,000.00 in attorney's fees and costs. This includes $1,458 in legal fees and $542 in filing and service of process costs. Plaintiffs' counsel state that Justin Zelikovitz, a member of the bar since 2008, spent approximately 5.8 hours and Jonathan Tucker, a member of the bar since 2009, spent approximately 9.7 hours on this matter. Additionally, paralegal staff expended approximately 12 hours working on this case. Clearly, the fee requested is a small percentage of the actual fees incurred and is entirely reasonable. The requested fee and costs will be awarded in full.
III. Conclusion
For the reasons stated in the parties' motion and the reasons herein, the motion will be granted. A separate order will follow.